Hung Liu

Hung Liu (刘虹) (born February 17, 1948) is a Chinese-born American contemporary artist. One of the first Chinese artists to establish a career in the West, Liu is regarded by many as "the greatest Chinese painter in the US."[1][2]

Hung Liu
In front of her painting from her "Daughters of China" series
Born (1948-02-17) February 17, 1948
Changchun, People's Republic, China
EducationBeijing Teachers College,
Central Academy of Fine Arts,
University of California, San Diego
Known forPainting, mural painting
AwardsJoan Mitchell Fellowship (1998), SECA award (1992), Eureka Fellowship (1993), SGC International Award for Lifetime Achievement (2011)
Websitewww.hungliu.com

Liu's paintings typically feature layered brushstrokes combined with washes of linseed oil which gives the imagery an indistinct and drippy appearance. Her paintings and prints often make use of anonymous Chinese historical photographs, particularly those of women, children, refugees, and soldiers, as subject matter. Although thought of predominantly as a painter, her body of work moves fluidly between painting, mixed-media and site-specific installation.

A ten-year retrospective of Liu's work traveled nationally in the U.S. in 1998 and 1999. Summoning Ghosts: The Art of Hung Liu was a retrospective collection of Liu's work that remains the most extensive exhibit of her work to date, with paintings from more than 40 collections displayed.

Early life and work in China

Hung Liu was born in Changchun, People's Republic, China, in 1948.[3] Shortly after her birth, her father was thrown into prison for being a member of the Kuomintang of China. In 1958, Hung Liu followed her aunt to Beijing at the age of 10 and entered the famous 北师大 女附中 (now The Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University).[4] In 1970, two years after the beginning of China's Cultural Revolution, Liu was sent to Huairou,[5] a small village in the Beijing countryside, where she lived and worked among the local villagers from 1968 to 1972. She attended Beijing Teachers College in 1975 and studied mural painting as a graduate student at the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing.[6] As a student Liu's art education had strict limits; the constrained and academic style which students were forced to emulate has been likened by Liu to paint-by-numbers.[7] Although the use of cameras to aid painting was prohibited, Liu rebelled by secretly taking photographs of local farmers in Huairou with their families and making drawings of them.[7]

1972 oil painting by Hung Liu from the "My Secret Freedom" series.

Work

Liu's paintings typically feature layered brushstrokes combined with washes of linseed oil which gives the imagery an indistinct and drippy appearance.[8][9] Various commenters have suggested that this visual strategy's surrealism and its absence of Socialist political drive can be seen as the opposite of (or a rejoinder to) the rigid academicism of the Chinese Socialist Realist style in which Liu was trained.[10][2] It has also been characterized as a metaphor for the loss of historical memory: the dripping in Liu's paintings is described by art critic Bill Berkson as "analogous to memory" and how "[memory] is blurred."[9] Given the pathos that often infuses her works, her painting style has been described by Liu's partner, critic and curator Jeff Kelley, as a kind of "weeping realism."[11]

Hung Liu - Chinese Profile II, 1998. Oil on canvas, 80 x 80 in. Collection of San Jose Museum of Art.

Liu's paintings and prints often make use of anonymous Chinese historical photographs, particularly those of women, children, refugees, and soldiers, as subject matter.[7] Many are drawn from the artist's personal collection of 19th century Chinese photographs, a large portion of which feature prostitutes. Liu believes her paintings "gives a spirit to them, the forgotten."[8] As curator Réne de Guzman writes, her paintings bring details of Chinese history and memory into the present for American viewer.[12] Writing for the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Kelley suggests that Liu's paintings "challenge the documentary authority of historical photographs by subjecting them to the more reflective process of painting [...] Much of the meaning in her paintings comes from the way the washes and drips dissolve the photo-based images, suggesting the passage of memory into history."[13][14]

Since the late 1990s Liu has occasionally taken historical photographs of non-Chinese women, refugees, migrants, workers, and children as a point of departure. Her Strange Fruit paintings of the early to mid 2000s depicted Korean "comfort women" forced to serve as prostitutes for Japanese soldiers in the second World War.[7] Several of her paintings draw imagery from the portrait and documentary photographs of the Chinese populace by John Thomson.[15] In her American Exodus series, Liu addresses American subject matter, creating images of the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression after the photographs of Dorothea Lange.[16]

Although thought of predominantly as a painter, her body of work moves fluidly between painting, mixed-media and site-specific installation. Pieces such as Goddess of Love/Goddess of Liberty[17] incorporate significant mixed-media elements (often antique or hand-made objects) either installed in close proximity to or mounted directly onto the piece. Liu cites her installation work as a continuation of the principles she utilizes as a muralist "an ability to work in large scale and to take the site specificity of the situation into account. Creating an installation merely required pushing the work out into the third dimension".[18] Liu's paintings also often incorporate a sculptural dimensionality through the use of custom canvases shaped to the contours of their subject matter.[19][2]

My Secret Freedom paintings

Liu also disobeyed the ban against non-sanctioned art of the Maoist Regime[20] in her series called "My Secret Freedom." These miniature landscape paintings, created during Liu's time at Da Dulianghe, depict scenes of everyday life.[21] Their title refers to the rebellion inherent in their creation: Liu had to hide a small paint box and brushes beneath her coat and painted each tiny image quickly.[22] Jeff Kelley writes that Liu's "intent was radical in China at the time: to paint not in the service of state ideology or party dicta, but simply to paint. To paint for the sheer pleasure of painting."[23]

Immigration and Resident Alien exhibition

Liu immigrated to the United States in 1984. She is a class of 1986 alumna of the University of California, San Diego.

As resident artist at Capp Street Project in San Francisco in 1988, Liu painted a series of works whose main focus was the issue of identity as it relates to immigrant status. Among these was the eponymous Resident Alien. This was Liu's first self-portrait,[24] in which the artist painted an enlarged version of her own green card with several pointed changes, e.g. her birthdate of 1948 becoming 1984, the date of her immigration, and her name comically replaced by the words "Fortune Cookie."[25] The off-site exhibition of these works brought Liu her first major art world attention; the painting Resident Alien also subsequently received numerous treatments and interpretations by scholars of gender identity and women's studies as well as art historians.[24][26] Dong Isbister proposes that Resident Alien is best understood via a 'diasporic consciousness,' as Liu asks her audience to "examine how her body is positioned and portrayed in relation to legal, racial, and gender issues based on immigration." The painting evidences the "tension between an ethnic, a national and a transnational identity";[27] at the same time, Liu "shows resistance to being assimilated into the stereotypes imposed upon her by inserting her own voice."[24] In 1988, as part of her Capp Street Project residency, Liu produced a mural, Reading Room, for the Chinese for Affirmative Action Community Room in San Francisco's Chinatown.[28][29]

"Jiu Jin Shan (Old Gold Mountain)"
Hung Liu's installation Jiu Jin Shan (Old Gold Mountain), 1994/2013, at the Mills College Art Museum. Photo by Phil Bond.

Liu's installation work Jiu Jin Shan (Old Gold Mountain) (1994) was originally commissioned by the M.H. de Young Memorial Museum. In this work, Liu created a "gold mountain" made of 200,000 fortune cookies, engulfing a crossroads of railroad tracks. The junction of the tracks references the cultural intersection of East and West, as well as the Chinese immigrants who perished during the building of the Sierra Nevada stage of the transcontinental railroad.[30] Jiu Jin Shan (Old Gold Mountain) was also installed at the Mills College Art Museum in 2013 as part of the exhibition Hung Liu: Offerings.[2]

"Going Away, Coming Home" airport installation

In November 2006, Liu's public art installation Going Away, Coming Home was unveiled at the Oakland International Airport. The installation is a 160-foot long wall of windows in the Terminal 2 concourse.[31] The installation was commissioned by the Port of Oakland for $300,000.[32]

The installation depicts 80 cranes that are meant to comfort and give blessings to people who are leaving their homes or returning from travel.[32] Liu was inspired by a silk Chinese scroll painting from the 12th century, which also depicts cranes symbolizing good luck.[33] Liu painted the work with enamel in her signature style of allowing the paint to drip.[33][32] To make the work, she collaborated with the 140-year-old German glass fabrication company Derix Glasstudios.[34]

Summoning Ghosts retrospective

Summoning Ghosts: The Art of Hung Liu was a retrospective collection of Liu's work, including around 80 paintings and an assortment of photographs, studies, and sketchbooks. It remains the most extensive exhibit of her work to date, with paintings from more than 40 collections displayed. The exhibit featured works from throughout Liu's artistic career, beginning from the late 1960s;[35] these paintings draw upon her personal history and experience of the Maoist regime, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution, as well as drawing from themes of Ancient China.[36] Réne de Guzman, the chief curator at the Oakland Museum of California, organized the exhibit in collaboration with Hung Liu. The artist describes the exhibit as a "…full circle… [Comprising] where I come from, what I was interested in, and what was possible to do in China."[37][38]

Awards and achievements

Liu has received numerous awards, including two painting fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts and a Joan Mitchell Fellowship.[15] In 2011 she received an SGC International Award for Lifetime Achievement in Printmaking from the Southern Graphics Council.[39] Other awards include a Society for the Encouragement of Contemporary Art (SECA) award and a Eureka Fellowship.[40]

She is currently the Professor Emerita of Painting at Mills College in Oakland, California, where she taught from 1990 until retiring in 2014.[41][26]

Collections

Liu's work is held in the following public collections:

Notable exhibitions
The Hung Liu: The Long Way Home exhibition at The Grace Museum in Abilene, Texas

In addition to the exhibitions discussed above, Liu's work has appeared in exhibitions and venues including the following:

  • Portraiture Exhibition, Winter Palace Gallery, Beijing, China; 1978
  • National Fine Arts Colleges Exhibition, a traveling group show in China; 1980
  • Two Lovers 两个爱人; 1980[5]
  • The Music of the Great Earth 神州律吕行, Mural Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; 1981[5][47][48]
  • Resident Alien 常住的外来者, San Jose Museum of Art, CA; 1988[5][49][50]
  • Chinese Pieta (mixed-media installation), The Women's Building, Los Angeles, CA; 1989
  • Goddesses of Love and Liberty, Nahan Contemporary Gallery, New York, NY; 1989
  • Precarious Links: Emily Jennings, Hung Liu, and Celia Munoz, San Antonio Museum of Art, San Antonio, TX and Lawndale Art and Performance Center, Houston TX; 1990
  • Decoding Gender, School 33 Art Center, Baltimore, MD; 1992 (curated by Robert Atkins)
  • 43rd Biennial of Contemporary American Painting, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC; 1993[51]
  • In Transit, New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York, NY; 1993
  • Year of the Dog, Steinbaum Krauss Gallery, New York, NY; 1994
  • See-Saw 跷跷板; 1994[5][52]
  • Twelve Bay Area Painters: The Eureka Fellowship Winners, San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, CA; 1994
  • The Last Dynasty, Steinbaum Krauss Gallery, New York, NY; 1995
  • Parameters: Hung Liu, the Chrysler Museum, Norfolk, VA; 1995-1996
  • Gender Beyond Memory, Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokyo, Japan; 1996[14]
  • American Kaleidoscope: Art At The Close Of This Century, National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC; 1996[53]
  • American Stories: Amidst Displacement and Transformation, various venues in Japan (traveling) 1997-1998 including Setagaya Art Museum, Tokyo; Chiba City Museum, Chiba; Fukui Fine Arts Museum, Fukui; Kurashiki Art City Museum, Kurashiki; Atorion, Akita
  • Hung Liu: A Ten-Year Survey, 1988-1998, College of Wooster Art Museum, Wooster, Ohio (March–June, 1998); Muscarelle Museum of Art, Williamsburg, Virginia (August–October, 1998); Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, Kansas City, Missouri (November–December 1998); University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (January–March, 1999); Bowdin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, Maine (April–June, 1999); and Ackland Art Museum, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (September–November, 1999).[15]
  • New Work: Painting Today, Recent Acquisitions, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA; 1999-2000
  • Where is Mao? 2000, The Art Center, Center of Academic Resources, Chulalongkom University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2000
  • Text and Subtext: Contemporary Art and Asian Women, various venues (traveling) 2000-2003 including Earl Lu Gallery, La Salle-Sia College of the Arts, Singapore; Ivan Dougherty Gallery, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia; Artspace, Sydney, Australia; Museum of Far East Antiquities, Stockholm, Sweden; Stenersen Museum, Stockholm, Sweden; Nikolaj Copenhagen Contemporary Art Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei, Taiwan; X-Ray Art Centre, Beijing, China
  • Art/Women/California: Parallels and Intersections, 1950-2000, San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, CA; 2002
  • Strange Fruit: New Paintings by Hung Liu, Arizona State University Art Museum, Tempe, Arizona (January 26 - April 28, 2002); Boise Art Museum, Boise, Idaho (June 1 - August 4, 2002); Laguna Art Museum, Laguna Beach, California (October 27 - February 23, 2003); and Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento, California (March 8 - May 4, 2003).[7]
  • Hung Liu: Toward Peng-Lai (Paradise), Rena Bransten Gallery, San Francisco, CA; 2003
  • Visual Politics: the Art of Engagement, San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, CA; 2005-2006
  • Re-presenting the Chinese in the American West; University of Wyoming Museum of Art, Laramie, WY; 2006[54]
  • Daughters of China, Rena Bransten Gallery, San Francisco, CA; 2007
  • Tai Cang (Great Granary), Xin Beijing Art Gallery (XBAG), Beijing, China; 2008[55]
  • Prodigal Daughter, F2 Gallery, Beijing, China; 2008
  • Richter Scale 里氏震级, Bernice Steinbaum Gallery, New York, NY; 2009[5][56]
  • Qi Bu (Seven Steps to Heaven) 七步(七步上天堂), Rena Bransten Gallery, San Francisco, CA; 2009[57]
  • Half-Life of a Dream: Contemporary Chinese Art from the Logan Collection, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA; 2008
  • First Spring Thunder, Alexander Ochs Gallery, Beijing, China; 2011
  • Culture Revolution: Contemporary Chinese Paintings from the Allen Memorial Art Museum, Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH; 2011
  • SGC International Award Exhibition, Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts, Washington University, St Louis, MO; 2011
  • CYCLE 輪回: New Works by Hung Liu, di Rosa Art Preserve, Napa, CA; 2012[58]
  • Happy and Gay, Rena Bransten Gallery, San Francisco, CA; 2012
  • Gold, Belvedere Museum, Vienna, Austria; 2012
  • The Female Gaze: Women Artists Making Their World, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Pennsylvania, PA; 2012-2013
  • I, You, We, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY; 2013
  • Hung Liu: Offerings; Mills College Art Museum, Oakland, CA; 2013[2]
  • Qianshan: Grandfather's Mountain, Nancy Hoffman Gallery, New York, NY; 2013
  • Summoning Ghosts, Oakland Museum of California on March 16, 2013;[59] then travelled to Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, October 2014 and toured, finishing its tour at Palm Springs Art Museum.[60]
  • The Rat Years, Huntington Museum of Art, Huntington, WV; 2014
  • Marks Made: Prints by American Women Artists from the 1960s to the Present, Museum of Fine Arts, St Petersburg, Florida; 2015[61]
  • Hung Liu: Daughter of China, Resident Alien; American University Museum at the Katzen Art Center, Washington, D.C.; 2016 (curated by Peter Selz)[62]
  • American Exodus, Nancy Hoffman Gallery, New York, NY; 2016
  • Hung Liu: Scales of History, Fresno Art Museum, Fresno, CA; 2016-2017[63]
  • Liberty and Justice for Some, Walter Maciel Gallery, San Francisco, CA; 2017
  • Promised Land, Rena Bransten Gallery, San Francisco, CA; 2017[64]
  • Women with Vision, Muscarelle Museum of Art, Williamsburg, VA; 2018

Publications
  • Sui, Jianguo et al. Hung Liu: Great Granary. Blue Kingfisher, 2011[55]
  • Roth, David; "Hung Liu @ Oakland Museum." Square Cylinder, April 18, 2013[19]
  • Liu, Hung. Questions from the Sky. Hardy Marks Publications, 2015[65]
  • Kelley, Jeff et al. Daughter of China, Resident Alien. American University Museum at the Katzen Art Center, Washington, D.C. 2016[66]
  • Hickey, Dave; 25 Women: Essays on Their Work. University of Chicago Press, 2016[67]
  • Gouma-Peterson, Thalia et al. Hung Liu: A Ten-Year Survey 1988-1998. College of Wooster Art Museum, Wooster, MA, 1998[68]
  • de Guzman, Rene et al. Summoning Ghosts: The Art of Hung Liu. University of California Press, 2013[28]

References
  1. Littlejohn, David (2013-06-05). "The Evils That Men Do". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  2. Hill, Angela (February 25, 2013). "Artist Hung Liu's work blurs history, memory". The Mercury News. MediaNews Group, Inc. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  3. Phaidon Editors (2019). Great women artists. Phaidon Press. p. 248. ISBN 0714878774.
  4. "专访旅美华裔著名艺术家刘虹（一）". Radio Free Asia (in Chinese). Retrieved 2019-11-02.
  5. 田, 霏宇 (June 2011). "刘虹：向蓬莱" (PDF). Leap(艺术界): 147.
  6. Kara Kelly Hallmark, Encyclopedia of Asian American Artists, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007, p115. ISBN 0-313-33451-X
  7. "Strange Fruit: New Paintings by Hung Liu". lagunaartmuseum.org. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  8. Tsui, Shu-chin. "'Summoning Ghosts' with Artist Hung Liu". Bowdoin College in the News. Vimeo. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  9. "Hung Liu Spark* Interview". KQED Arts. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
  10. Musiker, Cy. "A Woman Who Can Summon Ghosts". KQED News. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  11. "Bio". HUNG LIU. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  12. Guzman, Réne de (2013). Summoning Ghosts: The Art of Hung Liu. UC Press.
  13. "Hung Liu's Look, Record, Explore: Drawing small things around you". SFMOMA. Retrieved 2017-04-15.
  14. Gallery, Matt Moores, Nancy Hoffman. "Hung Liu | biography | Nancy Hoffman Gallery". www.nancyhoffmangallery.com. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  15. Liu, Hung; Karen Smith (2013). Summoning Ghosts; the Art of Hung Liu (first ed.). 2120 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704-4820: Oakland Museum of CA in conjunction with University of California Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-520-27521-8.CS1 maint: location (link)
  16. Gallery, Matt Moores, Nancy Hoffman. "Hung Liu: American Exodus 2016 exhibition pressrelease | Nancy Hoffman Gallery". www.nancyhoffmangallery.com. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  17. Arieff, Allison (2005). Broude, Norma; Garrard, Mary D. (eds.). Reclaiming Female Agency; Reclaiming Female Agency. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 440. ISBN 0520242513.
  18. Liu, Hung; René de Guzman. Borgogno, Kathy (ed.). Summoning Ghosts; the Art of Hung Liu (First ed.). University of California Press. pp. 76–82. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
  19. Roth, David. "Hung Liu @ Oakland Museum of California". Square Cylinder.
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  21. "Hung Liu". Nancy Hoffman Gallery. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  22. "Hung Liu - artistic spirit defied Mao". SFGate. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  23. Kelley, Jeff (2016). Hung Liu: Scales of History. Fresno Art Museum / Walter Maciel Gallery. p. 8.
  24. Isbister, Dong. "Self As Diasporic Body: Hung Liu's Self-Portrait Resident Alien". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  25. Arieff, A (1996). "Cultural Collisions: Identity and History in the Work of Hung Liu". Woman's Art Journal. 17 (1): 35–40. doi:10.2307/1358527. JSTOR 1358527.
  26. Gouma-Peterson, Thalia; Liu, Hung; Zurko, Kathleen McManus; Bryson, Norman; Museum, College of Wooster Art (1998-01-01). Hung Liu: a ten-year survey 1988-1998 : an exhibition. College of Wooster Art Museum. ISBN 9780960465897.
  27. Braziel, Jane Evans (2008). Diaspora: an introduction. Blackwell. p. 28.
  28. Guzman, René de; Hung, Wu; Li, Yiyun; Smith, Karen; Berkson, Bill; Hanor, Stephanie (2013-03-15). Summoning Ghosts: The Art of Hung Liu. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520275218.
  29. Mills College Art Museum. "Hung Liu Bay Area Public Art Sites Guide and Map" (PDF). Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  30. Release, Mills College - News - Press. "Hung Liu: Offerings Embodies Mills College Spirit of Cultural Expression through Art". www.mills.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-02-14. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  31. "Public Art at OAK - Oakland International Airport". Oakland International Airport. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  32. Casey, Laura (November 14, 2006). "Liu's cranes fly through airport art installation". East Bay Times. MediaNews Group, Inc. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  33. Hamlin, Jesse (November 13, 2006). "Call it destination celestial -- crane mural lands at Oakland Airport". SFGate. Hearst Newspapers. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  34. Dallinger, Deborah. "Press Release: Hung Lui unveils art at Oakland Airport". www.mills.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-03-12. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  35. Reichart, Rachelle. "Artist Interview: Hung Liu". Art-Rated.
  36. "Biography". Hung Liu. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  37. Oakland Museum of California. "Summoning Ghosts: Full Circle". Youtube. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  38. "Summoning Ghosts: The Art of Hung Liu - Kenneth Caldwell". Kenneth Caldwell. 2013-05-06. Retrieved 2017-04-15.
  39. Release, Mills College - News - Press. "Mills College Art Professor Hung Liu Selected for Lifetime Achievement Award". www.mills.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-04-15.
  40. Sloan, Mark (1998). Hung Liu : Washingtown Blues. Charleston, South Carolina: Halsey Gallery, College of Charleston.
  41. Kelley, Jeff; et al. (2016). Hung Liu: American Exodus. Nancy Hoffman Gallery.
  42. "Hung Liu". whitney.org. Retrieved 2019-11-02.
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  50. "Resident Alien". HUNG LIU. Retrieved 2019-11-02.
  51. Burchard, Hank (October 29, 1993). "OUT OF THE FIRE, INTO THE MELTING POT". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  52. Liu, Hung, 1948- (2013-03-15). Summoning ghosts : the art of Hung Liu. De Guzman, René, 1964-, Oakland Museum of California. Berkeley. ISBN 978-0520275218. OCLC 818734529.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  53. "Exhibit: Hung Liu". americanart.si.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-04-03. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  54. "The Vanishing: Re-presenting the Chinese in the American West" (PDF). University of Wyoming Museum of Art.
  55. Hung, Wu; Bing, Xu; Hong, Yu; Xiaodong, Liu; Songsong, Li; Lin, Wei; Liu, Hung (2011-02-28). Hung, Wu (ed.). Hung Liu: Great Granary (Bilingual ed.). Blue Kingfisher. ISBN 9789881890733.
  56. Mason, Shana (2010-12-28). "Hung Liu's "Richter Scale" at Bernice Steinbaum Gallery Avoids Melodrama and Hysterical Gore". Miami New Times. Retrieved 2019-11-02.
  57. "Hung Liu @ Rena Bransten". Squarecylinder.com – Art Reviews | Art Museums | Art Gallery Listings Northern California. Retrieved 2019-11-02.
  58. "CYCLE 輪回: New Works by Hung Liu". 2015-03-19.
  59. "Summoning Ghosts: The Art of Hung Liu Exhibition". Oakland Museum of California. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  60. "Current Exhibit". Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  61. "Marks Made: Prints by American Women Artists from the 1960s to the Present – Museum of Fine Arts". www.fine-arts.org. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
  62. Jenkins, Mark (2016-09-08). "Looking for art free of politics? Don't look here". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
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  65. Liu, Hung (2015-05-26). Questions from the Sky. HARDY-MARKS. ISBN 9780945367895.
  66. Kelley, Jeff; et al. (2016). Daughter of China, Resident Alien. American University Museum at the Katzen Arts Center. ISBN 978-0-9964172-8-0.
  67. 1940-, Hickey, Dave (2016-01-14). 25 women : essays on their art. ISBN 9780226333151. OCLC 926101825.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  68. McManus, ed Zurko Kathleen (1998-01-01). Hung Liu: a Ten-Year Survey, 1988 - 1998; an exhibition organized by The College of Wooster Art Museum. Wooster, Ohio: Coll. Wooster Art Museum. ISBN 9780960465897.
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