Halothamnus hierochunticus

Halothamnus hierochunticus is a species of the plant genus Halothamnus, that belongs to the subfamily Salsoloideae within the family Amaranthaceae, (formerly Chenopodiaceae). It occurs in Southwest Asia and is partly considered as a weed.[1][2]

Halothamnus hierochunticus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Core eudicots
Order:
Caryophyllales
Family:
Amaranthaceae
Subfamily:
Salsoloideae
Genus:
Halothamnus
Species:
H. hierochunticus
Binomial name
Halothamnus hierochunticus
(Bornm.) Botsch.

Morphology

Halothamnus hierochunticus is an annual plant 40–50 cm high, with blueish-green branches. It smells unpleasantly like rancid butter. The half-terete leaves are linear to linear-triangular, and up to 30 (rarely 50) mm long. The flowers are at 6–13 mm distance from each other, 2,8-3,3 mm long, somewhat shorter than their bract and bracteoles, with triangular tepals. The stigmas have a truncate apex. The winged fruit is 10–16 mm in diameter, their wings inserting in the middle of the fruit height. The fruit tube has concave sides with sharply prominent ridges (veins). At its bottom, a narrow prominent peripheral rim surrounds the large roundish pits.[1]

In the lower parts of the plants, the fruits are heavier with shorter wings, in the upper part fruits are lighter with larger wings (heterocarpy).[3]

  • fruit, lateral view
  • fruits, bottom, from lower part of plant (left) and from upper part (right)

Distribution

The distribution area of Halothamnus hierochunticus extends from Turkey (SE-Anatolia),[4] Lebanon, Syria, Israel and Palestine, Jordan, Iraq to western Iran.[1][2] At two disjunct sites in Iran (Gilan and Fars) the species could have been imported as a weed.[1] It grows in fields, where partly it seems to be a troublesome weed,[5] and on ruderal places like roadsides or ruins, on loess or sand, often on saline soils, up to 1500 m above sea level.[1][2]

Taxonomy

The species has been first described in 1912 as Salsola hierochuntica by Joseph Friedrich Nicolaus Bornmüller (in: Zur Flora Palästinas. - in: Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 29,2, 1912, p. 13). In 1981, Victor Petrovič Botschantzev included it into the genus Halothamnus (in: Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 18: 156). Within the genus, it belongs to the section Halothamnus.[1]

Synonyms[1][2]
  • Salsola hierochuntica Bornm.
  • Salsola autrani Post. var. hierochuntica (Bornm.) Eig.
  • Aellenia hierochuntica (Bornm.) Aellen
  • Aellenia autrani (Post) Zoh. (but not synonym: Salsola autrani Post)
  • Aellenia autrani (Post) Zoh. var. hierochuntica (Bornm.) Zoh., nom. inval
Vernacular names
  • Hebrew:[6] אֵלֶנְיָה נָאָה

References
  1. Gabriele Kothe-Heinrich: Revision der Gattung Halothamnus (Chenopodiaceae). Bibliotheca Botanica Bd. 143, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 978-3-510-48014-2, p. 61-65
  2. Gabriele Kothe-Heinrich: Halothamnus. - In: Karl Heinz Rechinger et al. (Edit.): Flora Iranica Bd. 172, Chenopodiaceae - Akad. Druck, Graz 1997, ISBN 3-201-00728-5, p. 261-262 and fig.7-8, tab. 146.
  3. E. Werker & T. Many: Heterocarpy and its ontogeny in Aellenia autrani (Post) Zoh., light- and electron-microscope study. - Israel J. Bot. 23, 1974, p.134-144
  4. Helmut Freitag, Vagif Atamov, Esat Çetin, Mustafa Aslan: The genus Halothamnus Jaub. & Spach (Chenopodiaceae) in Turkey - Turk. J. Bot. 33, 2009: p. 325-334. Archived 2011-08-19 at the Wayback Machine
  5. D. Shimshi: Population dynamics of Aellenia hierochuntica (Bornm.) Aellen. - Israel J. Bot. 20, 1971, p.44-47.
  6. Halothamnus hierochunticus in Flora of Israel online
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