Francis McGarry

Francis James McGarry (11 July 1897 – 21 November 1955) was a Catholic lay missionary and Protector of Aborigines who was instrumental in the establishment and day-to-day management of the Little Flower Mission in Central Australia.[1]

Early life

McGarry was born on 11 July 1897 in Wagga Wagga in New South Wales, the younger of twins and sixth child, born to John McGarry, a butcher, and his wife Catherine Elizabeth, née Jones. When his father dies the family moved to Sydney where they settled in Manly and McGarry attended Marist Brothers' High School in Darlinghurst. [2] Immediately following completing his schooling McGarry worked as a clerk and warehouseman at Peterson Laing and Bruce.[1]

McGarry served in World War I, first joining the 17th Battalion, an infantry militia, aged 18.[1] Following this, on 28 July 1917, he enlisted in the First Australian Imperial Force in through which he served in the 45th Battalion in France, from August 1918, where his main role was as a truck driver. He was discharged, uninjured, on 13 September 1919.[2][3]

Following his return, in 1922, McGarry joined the St Vincent De Paul Society where, from 1926, he was a weekly visitor at the Leprosarium at Little Bay, New South Wales; an act that he hid from many people due to concerns about his contact with the infectious disease.[2] On these visits McGarry offered to give pastoral care as well as delivering requested items, such as books and newspapers, to inmates.[1]

Life in the Northern Territory

Little Flower Mission

McGarry moved to the Northern Territory in 1935 to assist Father P. J. Moloney in establishing the Little Flower Mission, which began in Alice Springs. In the very early days, the mission was on Bath Street, in the centre of Alice Springs, although it soon moved to the banks of Charles Creek, nearby the Alice Springs Telegraph Station, then operating as The Bungalow. McGarry worked alongside local Arrernte men to build the mission here[4][5]; this included erecting combined church and school and Wurlies, a form of humpies, for accommodating families.[2]

During this period McGarry fed, clothed and taught Aboriginal children at the mission and he is remembered for not allowing the children to speak their Arrernte language and his belief that he was working quietly towards the elimination of adherence to Arrernte cultural practices, believing that they conflicted with his Christianity. [6] Examples of this is that McGarry expelled men and women found to be in polygamous relationships from the mission camp and believed that boys initiation rites, men's business, were excessively brutal and that the process made it more difficult for them to accept Christianity. McGarry wrote in a letter to his family that[1]:

“Corroborees contrary to the Church will die out in time. However...I am trying to make it a quick process.”

— Francis McGarry, Letter from Francis McGarry to the McGarry family, 25 July 1938, McGarry Papers.

This resistance and rejection of cultural practices was in direct contradiction to the advice of Charles Duguid, who inspired the mission after sharing his condemnation of the way that Aboriginal people were treated in Alice Springs following a visit there in 1934: Duguid encouraged missionaries to respect local language and culture.[6]

In these early years McGarry also obtained most of the mission's food by seeking donations and bargaining for goods in Alice Springs as well as from family and the St Vincent de Paul Society. McGarry also sold Aboriginal artefacts and weapons that were made at the mission.[2]

In April 1938 teaching duties were taken from McGarry, who had been teaching for three hours every day, when the Sisters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart took over the running of the school. McGarry found this transition very difficult and tried to maintain influence over the school; causing considerable tension with the sisters and the missionary community.[1]

In 1942, following the bombing of Darwin, Alice Springs became a major army staging base and the mission was ordered to relocate to Arltunga, 110 km (68 miles) east of Alice Springs, which was, at this time, a former mining town. To complete this move, which took two years, McGarry was responsible for looking for water, building roads and escorting people to the new location. However, when the move was completed in March 1944[2] McGarry was told that his services were no longer required; the reason for this is not clear but it is suggested that it was due to McGarry's poor relationship with the sisters.[1]

Career with the Native Affairs Branch

In September 1944 McGarry accepted a position with the Northern Territory's Native Affairs Branch, initially as a patrol officer;[2] a position that he had been offered earlier. In 1946, after a number of more short-term roles, McGarry was posted as superintendent of the newly established Yuendumu settlement, delivering rations and welfare services to Warlpiri and Anmatyerre people who had been displaced from their homelands and traditional food sources.[1]

This position was, however, short-lived with McGarry being asked to step down from the role in 1948 (although he was told that he could apply for the role of the assistant). This may have been due to enforcement of the policy that only married men could be employed as superintendent or that McGarry's attitude to the arrival of Baptist missionaries was problematic. McGarry did write in a letter home that[1]:

They will put no one over me, so ... I soon may be cutting your lawn

— Francis McGarry, Letter from Francis McGarry to the McGarry family, 9 June 1948, McGarry Papers.

McGarry resigned his post on 20 July 1948.[2]

Later life

Following his resignation McGarry returned to Sydney, where he worked as a salesman at an auctioneers in Manly before becoming a night-watchman in order to keep his days free for charity work at the St Vincent de Paul opportunity shop.[1]

On 21 November 1955, aged 58, McGarry died of meningitis, after a short illness.[2] He was buried at Frenchs Forest Bushland Cemetery.[7]

His cause for beatification was sent to the Vatican in 1970.[8]

Further reading

Francis of central Australia / by Frank O'Grady; https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/9286703

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References
  1. "Francis McGarry and the 'little flower black mission': Encounters of a Catholic lay missionary with indigenous people of central Australia 1935-1944". Ninti One. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  2. O'Grady, Frank, "McGarry, Francis James (1897–1955)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 20 January 2020
  3. scheme=AGLSTERMS. AglsAgent; corporateName=National Archives of Australia; address=Queen Victoria Terrace, Parkes (23 October 2013). "Francis James McGarry | Discovering Anzacs | National Archives of Australia and Archives NZ". discoveringanzacs.naa.gov.au. Retrieved 20 January 2020.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. MALONE, Peter. "REAPPRAISING ASPECTS OF MISSION ACTIVITY". misacor.org.au. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  5. "Little Flower Mission - Summary | Find & Connect". www.findandconnect.gov.au. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  6. MALONE, Peter. "REAPPRAISING ASPECTS OF MISSION ACTIVITY". misacor.org.au. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  7. "Francis James McGarry Died: 21 Nov 1955 BillionGraves Record". BillionGraves. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  8. "Adlib Internet Server 5 | Details". archival.sl.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
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