Fazal Pookoya Thangal

Fazal Pookoya Thangal (Arabic: سيّدفضل بوكوي‎ سيّدفضل بوكوي; Yemen, c.1820 - Turkey, 1901), known as Sayyid Fadl and Fadl Pasha, was a Yemeni Islamic missionary and political activist in Kerala.[1][2]

Birth and childhood

Fazal Pookoya Thangal was born in the 1820s, the son of Sayyid Alavi Thangal, a Muslim mystical and political leader, and Fathima Beevi, the daughter of Aboobacker Madani, a Muslim mystic. He spent his childhood studying under his father.[3]

Thangal first learnt from one of his father's personal assistants, Alhaji Chalilakath Kuday, then from Parapanangadi Aboobacker Koya Musliyar, Baithan Musliyar Velliyangod Umar Khazi, Moideen Khazi, Calicut Khazi, Zainudeen Musliyar Thirurangadi and Sheikh Sayyid Abdulla Bin Umar. He studied hadith, fiqh, and languages.[4]

Thangal went to Mecca to study after the death of his father in 1845, and returned to Kerala in 1848.

Rebellions

In sermons he spoke about current conditions of Malabar's people. He taught both Islam and the need to oppose British rule. The British duly investigated him.[5]

Manjeri revolt

In August 1849 there was another revolt at Manjeri (location of a revolt in 1844).

Kulathur revolt

William Logan recorded three serious incidents of revolt suppressed by British forces between 1849 and 1852 in his Malabar Manual.[6]

Exile from Malabar

The British discussed expelling Thangal after the release of the T. L. Strange commission investigation report,[7] but district collector H.V. Conolly wanted to exile him only from Malabar. As it happened, he was exiled to Arabia.

The Mappila killed Conolly.

Writings

Thangal's works include:

Uddathul Umara' Val Hukkam Li Ihanathil Kafarah va Abadathil Asnam (عدة الامراء و الحكام لاهانة الكفرة و عبدة الاصنام)
Hulalul Ehsan Fee Thsyeenul Insane ( حلال الاحسان في تحسين الانسان)
Asasul Islam fee Bayani Ahkem (اساس الاسلام في بيان الاحكام)
Bavarikul Fathyana: lee Thaqviyathul Bihyana (بوارك الفتيان لتقوية البنتيان)
Risalathul Muslim Ila Habir lee Edrakul Gabir (رسالة المسلمين للحابر يدروغ الكبير)
ishafful Shafeeque fee Bayarakkelk (اشعاف شفيق في بيارك)
Athareekul Hanafiy (التاريخ الحنفية)
Thadheerul Hqyar Aquar Min Rukubil Hari Vannur (تظهير الحقيار من رقوب الحاري و النور )
Vadhathul Umrah Val Hokum lee Ehanthil Kashrathi Vahabyathul Hayan (وحدة العمرة و الحكوم ل للاعانة الكفرة) وعبودية العصيان)
Edhah Ul Asrar (اظهار الاسرار)
Al Fuyathul Elahin

References

En. Pi Cekkuṭṭi Muhammad Abdurahman 2006- Page 82 "But even before the report was submitted, the decision to deport Fazal Pookoya Thangal was taken in February, 1852. The deportation order was issued by the Madras Government on February 12. As the news of the deportation spread, ..."
Anne K. Bang Sufis and Scholars of the Sea: Family Networks in East Africa, - 2003 Page 82 "They turned to the Tannal of Mambram, i.e. to Fadl Pasha. In 1852, the District Magistrate H. V. Conolly issued a warrant for Sayyid Fadl's arrest. Unlike the case of his father, the British this time refused to let matters pass and Sayyid Fadl was "
"MALIK DEENAR Islamic ACADEMY OFFICIAL WEBSITE". Archived from the original on 5 September 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
"ASHRAFNLKN'S WEBSITE". Retrieved 23 October 2012.
Panikkar, K. N., Against Lord and State: Religion and Peasant Uprisings in Malabar 1836-1921
Śekhara Bandyopādhyāẏa From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India 2004 - Page 164 "Three serious incidents occurred in Manjeri in August 1849, in Kulathur in August 1851 — both in south Malabar — and in Mattannur in the north in January 1852. British armed forces were deployed to suppress the revolt. The repressive ."
P Radhakrishnan Peasant Struggles, Land Reforms and Social Change: Malabar 1836-1982 - Page 33: "relatively calm north Malabar, in February that year the government appointed T.L. Strange, a judge of the Sadar Adalat with long experience in Malabar, as the first Special Commissioner to inquire into these outbreaks. Strange Commission"

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[1] En. Pi Cekkuṭṭi Muhammad Abdurahman 2006- Page 82 "But even before the report was submitted, the decision to deport Fazal Pookoya Thangal was taken in February, 1852. The deportation order was issued by the Madras Government on February 12. As the news of the deportation spread, ..."

[2] Anne K. Bang Sufis and Scholars of the Sea: Family Networks in East Africa, - 2003 Page 82 "They turned to the Tannal of Mambram, i.e. to Fadl Pasha. In 1852, the District Magistrate H. V. Conolly issued a warrant for Sayyid Fadl's arrest. Unlike the case of his father, the British this time refused to let matters pass and Sayyid Fadl was "

[3] "MALIK DEENAR Islamic ACADEMY OFFICIAL WEBSITE". Archived from the original on 5 September 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2012.

[one-4] "ASHRAFNLKN'S WEBSITE". Retrieved 23 October 2012.

[5] Panikkar, K. N., Against Lord and State: Religion and Peasant Uprisings in Malabar 1836-1921

[6] Śekhara Bandyopādhyāẏa From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India 2004 - Page 164 "Three serious incidents occurred in Manjeri in August 1849, in Kulathur in August 1851 — both in south Malabar — and in Mattannur in the north in January 1852. British armed forces were deployed to suppress the revolt. The repressive ."

[7] P Radhakrishnan Peasant Struggles, Land Reforms and Social Change: Malabar 1836-1982 - Page 33: "relatively calm north Malabar, in February that year the government appointed T.L. Strange, a judge of the Sadar Adalat with long experience in Malabar, as the first Special Commissioner to inquire into these outbreaks. Strange Commission"