Enamovirus

Enamovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Luteoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently five species in this genus including the type species Pea enation mosaic virus 1. Diseases associated with this genus include: pea enation disease: if both PEMV-1 and PEMV-2 are present.[1][2]

Enamovirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Kitrinoviricota
Class: Tolucaviricetes
Order: Tolivirales
Family: Luteoviridae
Genus: Enamovirus
Type species
Pea enation mosaic virus 1

Taxonomy

The following species are recognized:

  • Alfalfa enamovirus 1
  • Birdsfoot trefoil enamovirus 1
  • Citrus vein enation virus
  • Grapevine enamovirus 1
  • Pea enation mosaic virus 1

Structure

Viruses in Enamovirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 25 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 5.7kb in length.[1]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
EnamovirusIcosahedralT=3Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, -1 ribosomal frameshifting, and suppression of termination. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (insects). Transmission routes are vector and mechanical.[1]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
EnamovirusPlantsPhloemViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: aphids

References
  1. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
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