Elaine Diacumakos
Elaine Diacumakos (August 11, 1930 – June 11, 1984) was a cell biologist and head of the cytobiology laboratory at Rockefeller University. She developed the first techniques for removing and inserting material into and from cells.
Elaine Diacumakos | |
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Born | 11 August 1930 |
Died | 11 June 1984 |
Alma mater | University of Maryland, College Park New York University |
Known for | Cell biology |
Scientific career | |
Institutions | Rockefeller University |
Early life and education
Diacumakos was born in Chester, Pennsylvania on August 11, 1930.[1] She studied zoology the University of Maryland, College Park, graduating in 1951. She completed a master's in embryology in 1955 and her doctorate at New York University in 1958.[1] She remained there as a research associate until 1964.[2]
Research
Diacumakos completed her postdoctoral training at Rockefeller University between 1958 and 1960.[1] She worked at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University Medical Center from 1965 to 1971.[1] In 1961 she joined Edward Tatum, developing microneedle techniques that allowed her to transplant the nuclei of one cell to another.[1]
She returned to Rockefeller University as a senior researcher in 1971, working on cellular drug resistance and cell insertion techniques.[1][3][4] She made important contributions to the micromanipulation of mammalian cells.[5][6] She studied the displacement of chromosomes during extraction at different mitotic stages.[7] She demonstrated the precise fusion of mammalian somatic cells using microsurgery in 1972.[8] She was made head of the Cytobiology Laboratory in 1975 after Tatum died unexpectedly.[1] She was unable to raise funding for her own research.[2] Her work with micropipettes became well known, and she worked with Dana Giulian on electrodes which could impale human cells without damage and measure the potential of a cytoplasm.[9][10]
In 1979 she collaborated with William French Anderson to insert a functioning gene into a defective cell within a living mouse, correcting a genetic defect.[1][11][12] Her microsurgical techniques opened new paths to curing medical conditions.[12] They conducted their first ever experiment on a human 11 years later.[2][13] She lectured at the Pasteur Institute in 1981.[1]
Diacumakos died of a heart attack on June 11, 1984.[1]
References
- Waggoner, Walter H. "ELAINE DIACUMAKOS, HELD A LEADING ROLE IN CELL MICROSURGERY". Retrieved 2018-08-11.
- 1964-, Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007). Encyclopedia of world scientists (Rev. ed.). New York: Facts on File. ISBN 9781438118826. OCLC 466364697.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
- Diacumakos, Elaine G.; Holland, Scott; Pecora, Pauline (April 1970). "A Microsurgical Methodology for Human Cells in Vitro: Evolution and Applications*". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 65 (4): 911–918. doi:10.1073/pnas.65.4.911. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 283003. PMID 5266161.
- Sigler, Paul B. (2017-01-31). The Molecular Basis of Mutant Hemoglobin Dysfunction. Elsevier. ISBN 9781483165219.
- International Review of Cytology. Academic Press. 1989-05-01. ISBN 9780080586526.
- Nichols, Warren (2012-12-06). Senescence: Dominant or Recessive in Somatic Cell Crosses?. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781468425086.
- DIACUMAKOS, ELAINE G.; HOLLAND, SCOTT; PECORA, PAULINE (July 1971). "Chromosome Displacement in and Extraction from Human Cells at Different Mitotic Stages". Nature. 232 (5305): 33–36. doi:10.1038/232033a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 4933170.
- Diacumakos, Elaine G.; Tatum, Edward L. (October 1972). "Fusion of Mammalian Somatic Cells by Microsurgery". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 69 (10): 2959–2962. doi:10.1073/pnas.69.10.2959. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 389683. PMID 4507616.
- Information, Reed Business (1977-02-17). New Scientist. Reed Business Information.
- Giulian, D; Diacumakos, E. G (1977-01-01). "The electrophysiological mapping of compartments within a mammalian cell". The Journal of Cell Biology. 72 (1): 86–103. doi:10.1083/jcb.72.1.86. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2110992. PMID 63464.
- Thompson, Larry (1991-01-20). "FRENCH ANDERSON'S GENETIC DESTINY". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-08-11.
- "Genes Injected into Deficient Cells". Chemical & Engineering News. 57 (42): 6. 1979-10-15. doi:10.1021/cen-v057n042.p006. ISSN 0009-2347.
- "Vol. 245, No. 1, July 1981 of Scientific American on JSTOR". JSTOR e24964476. Cite journal requires
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