Earl's Court tube station

Earl's Court tube station is a Grade II listed London Underground station in Earl's Court, London, on the District and Piccadilly lines. It is an important interchange for both lines and is situated in both Travelcard Zone 1 and Zone 2. The station has an eastern entrance on Earl's Court Road and a western entrance on Warwick Road (both part of A3220). It is a step-free tube station; the Earls Court Road entrance provides lift access between street and platform levels.

Earl's Court
Eastern station entrance
Earl's Court
Location of Earl's Court in Central London
LocationEarls Court
Local authorityRoyal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Managed byLondon Underground
Number of platforms6
AccessibleYes[1]
Fare zone1 and 2
London Underground annual entry and exit
2014 22.01 million[2]
2015 20.50 million[2]
2016 20.00 million[2]
2017 19.99 million[2]
2018 19.07 million[3]
Key dates
12 April 1869Tracks opened (DR)
3 July 1871First station opened (DR)
1 February 1872Opened Olympia extension (DR)
1 February 1872Started "Outer Circle" (NLR)
1 August 1872Started "Middle Circle" (H&CR/DR)
9 September 1874Opened Hammersmith extension (DR)
1 February 1878Station moved (DR)
5 May 1878Started "Super Outer Circle" (Midland)
30 September 1880Ended "Super Outer Circle"
1 July 1905Ended "Middle Circle"
15 December 1906Opened (GNP&BR)
2 October 1940Ended Willesden shuttle
19 December 1946Restarted to Kensington (Olympia)
Other information
External links
WGS8451.4913°N 0.1947°W / 51.4913; -0.1947
 London transport portal

The station was opened by the District Railway in 1869 and had become a hub to five different local routes by 1874. It was damaged by fire the following year, and a new station was constructed on the other side of Earl's Court Road, opening in 1878. A connection to the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (now the Piccadilly Line) opened in 1906. Earl's Court was the first tube station with escalators, which were added in 1911. Major redevelopment and rebuilding work occurred in 1915, 1936–37 and 2005.

Name

The station name has been spelt with an apostrophe on the tube map since 1951. Prior to this, the use of punctuation on tube maps was intermittent.[4] The name of the station and the local area has always been shown with an apostrophe on Ordnance Survey maps,[5] but not on the Geographers' A–Z Street Atlas.[6]

History

19th century

On 12 April 1869, the District Railway (DR, now the District line) opened tracks through Earl's Court as part of a south-westward extension from its station at Gloucester Road to West Brompton where the DR opened an interchange with the West London Extension Joint Railway (WLEJR, now the West London Line). At its opening, the extension had no intermediate station, and was little more than a basic wooden hut.[7][8]

Overhead view of the District line platforms at Earl's Court

On 3 July 1871 the DR opened a northward link from the West Brompton branch which connected to the Inner Circle (now the Circle line) south of High Street Kensington.[9] Local residents near Earl's Court lodged a petition against the DR building the station, which opened that October. The original station was a simple wooden booking office.[10]

On 1 February 1872, the DR opened a northbound branch west of Earl's Court station to the WLEJR to which it connected at Addison Road (now Kensington Olympia). From that date the Outer Circle service began running over the DR's tracks. The service was run by the North London Railway (NLR) from its terminus at Broad Street (now demolished) in the City of London via the North London Line to Willesden Junction, then the West London Line to Addison Road and the DR to Mansion House — at that time the eastern terminus of the DR.[11][12]

From 1 August 1872, the Middle Circle service also began operations through Earl's Court; it ran from Moorgate along the Metropolitan Railway (MR) tracks on the north side of the Inner Circle to Paddington, then over the Hammersmith & City Railway (H&CR) track to Latimer Road, then, via a now demolished link, to the West London Line to Addison Road and the DR to Mansion House. The service was operated jointly by the H&CR and the DR.[13]

On 9 September 1874, another extension was opened which took the DR west from Earl's Court to West Kensington and Hammersmith.[14] Trains from Earl's Court could then travel via five different routes, and the station's efficient operation was central to the DR's success. Unfortunately, the location of the station close to the eastern junction meant that the original station was congested. A fire on 30 November 1875 damaged the station and a more substantial replacement was built to the west of Earl's Court Road. It was opened on 1 February 1878.[15] The original station site was redeveloped into shops and a post office around 1905.[16]

On 5 May 1878, The Midland Railway began running a circuitous service known as the Super Outer Circle from St Pancras to Earl's Court via Cricklewood and South Acton. It operated over a now disused connection between the NLR and the London and South Western Railway's branch to Richmond (now part of the District line). The service was not a success and was ended on 30 September 1880.[17]

By the start of the 20th century competition from buses and the new electric trams was eroding passenger numbers; to make itself more competitive, the DR began to plan the electrification of its services. An experimental service was operated for six months in 1900 when electric trains were tested over the section of track between Earl's Court and High Street Kensington.[18] Following protracted negotiations with the MR over the method of electrification to be used, the first electrified section of the DR was opened in 1903. Electric services through Earl's Court began on 1 July 1905.[19]

20th–21st century
The eastbound Piccadilly line platform

The first decade of the 20th century saw other developments at Earl's Court station. On 30 June 1900 the Middle Circle service was withdrawn east of Earl's Court, which was the terminus of the service until 31 January 1905, when the service was cut back again to terminate at Addison Road.[20] On 15 December 1906, the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (GNP&BR, now the Piccadilly line) opened between Hammersmith and Finsbury Park, serving Earl's Court from platforms in deep tube tunnels constructed beneath the surface station.[21][15] Unlike at Gloucester Road and South Kensington, other stations served by both the District and Piccadilly lines, a new building to house the lifts to the deep level platforms was not required.[22] Instead space was provided within the existing station, and the line ran in a deep tunnel beneath the District platforms.[23]

On 1 January 1909, Earl's Court became the terminus of the Outer Circle service when it stopped running east from there to Mansion House.[20] By then, the service was operated by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR, successor to the NLR).[24] In 1912 it was reduced again, to a shuttle service between Willesden Junction and Earl's Court only.

On 4 October 1911, the first escalators on the Underground opened at Earl's Court to supplement the lift access.[25] They were promoted as "made entirely of fireproof material"; unlike the lifts, one could smoke on them.[26] These operated from the GNP&BR platforms up to new passageways beneath the sub-surface District platforms. "Bumper" Harris, a one-legged engineer, rode the escalators on the first day of operation to reassure passengers of their safety.[23] In 1936, the escalators were replaced in a contemporary style featuring cleated steps and combs, which had become standard elsewhere on the Underground network.[25] They remain in use into the 21st century, though the wooden cladding has been removed because of fire regulations.[27]

A new station building on Earls Court Road opened in 1915. It was designed by Harry Ford and constructed from red brick.[23] The Warwick Road entrance was rebuilt between 1936 and 1937 in the modern brick and glass style then employed by London Underground, though it retained the original facade from the opening of the Piccadilly line in 1905/6.[28][29]

Warwick Road entrance, with rotunda above

During World War II, bomb damage to the West London Line caused the closure of the line, and the Willesden to Earl's Court shuttle last ran on 2 October 1940.[30] The section to Kensington (Olympia) was reopened on 19 December 1946 but ran only when exhibitions were open at Olympia.[31][32] The part of the station between the District and Piccadilly Lines was converted into a munitions factory used to make torpedo sights.[33]

A glass rotunda was added on top of the Warwick Road entrance in 1970. In 1984, the station was 'Grade II' listed as being of architectural and historical interest. The listing noted the 1878 train shed and the improvements in 1906 and 1937.[34]

Between 1986 and 2011, the Kensington (Olympia) service was operated full-time throughout the week, whether or not an exhibition was open. From December 2011 onwards, it reverted to operating only during exhibitions.[35]

The station underwent major refurbishment works in 2005.[28] Additional lifts for the mobility impaired were added from the District line platforms. They initially suffered from operational issues, leading to a review of the equipment by Transport for London.[36] In December 2006, work started on repairing the roof as part of a £10 billion restoration programme.[37] At the 2009 National Railway Heritage Awards the reconstruction of the station's train shed roof gained a certificate of merit for the quality of the work carried out.[38]

In 2019, a report showed that Earl's Court was one of the most polluted stations in London. The levels of nitrogen dioxide in the station complex approached 129.5 μg/m3 (5.66×10−5 gr/cu ft), over three times the recommended objective limit of 40 μg/m3 (1.7×10−5 gr/cu ft).[39]


Railways around Earl's Court
Piccadilly line
to Heathrow or Uxbridge
District line
to Richmond or Ealing Broadway
 Barons Court
West Kensington
Lillie Bridge depot
District line
to Wimbledon
Kensington (Olympia)
West London Line
to Clapham Junction
West London Line
to Willesden Junction
West Brompton
Earl's Court
Cromwell Curve
Gloucester Road
High Street Kensington
Piccadilly line
to Cockfosters
District and Circle lines
to Edgware Road
District and Circle lines
via Tower Hill

Services
Next-train indicators on the District line platforms

Earl's Court is a hub for several routes on the District line and Piccadilly line. It is in both Travelcard Zone 1 and Zone 2.[40] The station concourse is split over two levels. The District line is on the upper section 4.8 metres (16 ft) below ground and covers platforms 1-4, with two island platforms in between the pairs of lines. The Piccadilly line covers the lower platforms 5-6, 19.8 metres (65 ft) below ground. The connecting escalators are by the Warwick Road entrance, while the lift is towards the centre.[41] District services run westbound to Wimbledon, Richmond and Ealing Broadway along with a part-time service to Kensington (Olympia), and eastbound to Edgeware Road and Upminster. Piccadilly services run westbound to Uxbridge and Heathrow Airport and eastbound to Cockfosters.[42]

The station has a dedicated regulating room which has served as the principal point for signalling on the Piccadilly and District lines since the 1960s. Most of the junctions and reversing points along the network are controlled automatically.[43] On each platform is an old-fashioned "next train" indicator board with various routes shown permanently, of which one is usually highlighted by an arrow to indicate that this is the route of the next train. These have been not been replaced by modern electronic equivalents as they are Grade II listed.[8]

London Buses routes 74, 328, 430, C1 and C3 and night routes N31, N74 and N97 serve the station.[44]

Preceding station   London Underground   Following station
towards Richmond or Ealing Broadway
District line
towards Upminster
towards Wimbledon
towards Edgware Road
Terminus
Piccadilly line
towards Cockfosters
  Former service  
West Kensington
towards St Pancras		   Midland Railway
(1878–80)		   Terminus

See also

References

Citations
  1. "Step free Tube Guide" (PDF). Transport for London. May 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2020.
  2. "Multi-year station entry-and-exit figures (2007-2017)" (XLSX). London Underground station passenger usage data. Transport for London. January 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  3. "Station Usage Data" (CSV). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2018. Transport for London. 21 August 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  4. Badsey-Ellis, Antony (November 2008). "The Underground and the apostrophe" (PDF). Underground News. London Underground Railway Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
  5. London 1:1,056 – Sheet X.8 (Map). Ordnance Survey. 1895. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  6. London A-Z (Map). Geographer's A-Z. 2002. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-843-480204.
  7. Day & Reed 2010, p. 24.
  8. Martin 2012, p. 79.
  9. Day & Reed 2010, p. 25.
  10. Wolmar 2012, p. 80.
  11. Davies & Grant 1983, p. 85.
  12. Jackson 1986, p. 56.
  13. Bruce 1983, p. 11.
  14. Day & Reed 2010, p. 26.
  15. Butt 1995, p. 87.
  16. Hermione Hobhouse, ed. (1986). Earl's Court Village and Earl's Court Gardens area. Survey of London. 42, Kensington Square To Earl's Court. London. pp. 215–224. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  17. Horne 2006, p. 18.
  18. Horne 2007, p. 43.
  19. Horne 2007, p. 45.
  20. Lee 1956, p. 29.
  21. Horne 2007, p. 19.
  22. Horne 2007, p. 20.
  23. Wallinger 2014, p. 155.
  24. Horne 2006, p. 15.
  25. Horne 2007, p. 33.
  26. Ackroyd, P. (2012). London Under. London: Vintage Books. p. 125 ISBN 978-0-099-28737-7
  27. Horne 2007, p. 128.
  28. Horne 2007, p. 96.
  29. Hermione Hobhouse, ed. (1986). The Kensington Canal, railways and related developments. Survey of London. 42, Kensington Square To Earl's Court. London. pp. 322–338. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  30. Davies & Grant 1983, p. 120.
  31. Butt 1995, p. 130.
  32. "Latimer Road – Uxbridge Road and Single Line to Olympia" (PDF). London Underground Railway Society. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  33. Horne 2007, p. 106.
  34. Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1358162)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  35. Kensington Olympia Exhibition Centre travel (PDF) (Report). Transport for London. September 2013. p. 3. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  36. "The London AssemblyQuestions to the MayorFind an answerLifts for Sub-surface underground lines". London Assembly. 16 April 2005. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  37. "Works commence at Earls Court to restore Grade II listed roof". Transport for London. 21 December 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
  38. "Media". Transport for London. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  39. "Worst air pollution in London: Earl's Court, Camden and Southwark top the list of 500 places breaching air quality limits". London Evening Standard. 27 February 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  40. "Earl's Court Underground Station". Transport for London. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  41. "Earl's Court Axiometric Layout". Transport for London. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  42. "Tube Map". Transport for London. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  43. Horne 2007, p. 126.
  44. "Earls Court Station". Transport for London. Retrieved 26 July 2016.

Sources
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  • Bruce, J Graeme (1983). Steam to Silver. A history of London Transport Surface Rolling Stock. Capital Transport. ISBN 0-904711-45-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Davies, R; Grant, M. D. (1983). London and its railways. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-8107-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Day, John R; Reed, John (2010) [1963]. The Story of London's Underground. Capital Transport. ISBN 978-1-85414-341-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Horne, Mike (2006). The District Line. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-292-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Horne, Mike (2007). The Piccadilly Line. Capital Transport. ISBN 978-1-85414-305-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Jackson, Alan (1986). London's Metropolitan Railway. David & Charles. ISBN 978-0-715-38839-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Lee, Charles E. (1956). The Metropolitan District Railway. The Oakwood Press. ASIN B0000CJGHS.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Martin, Andrew (2012). Underground, Overground: A Passenger's History of the Tube. Profile Books. ISBN 978-1-847-65807-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wallinger, Mark (2014). Labyrinth: A Journey Through London's Underground. Art / Books. ISBN 978-1-908-97016-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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