Don Coyhis

Don Lawrence Coyhis (born August 16, 1943) is an alcohol and addiction recovery specialist known for designing culturally appropriate treatment programs for Native Americans. He is the founder and president of White Bison, Inc., a non-profit charitable organization devoted to assisting Native Americans who are affected by substance abuse. In 1994 Coyhis started the Wellbriety Movement which aims to reduce alcohol and drug abuse among Native Americans.[1]

Biography

Coyhis is a Mohican Indian born and raised on the Stockbridge-Munsee Reservation in Wisconsin. Both of his parents were survivors of American Indian boarding schools, an experience that left them so traumatized that they had difficulty showing affection. Coyhis grew up "a troubled child to troubled parents...Drinking was the way of life."[2]

As an adult, Coyhis left the reservation and in 1978 went to work for the Digital Equipment Corporation in Colorado Springs, eventually becoming senior manager. He designed, developed, and taught programs on leadership, diversity, and organizational change. His clients included AT&T, Lucent Technologies, the U.S. Forest Service, and the Bureau of Land Management.[3] After having struggled with alcoholism for many years, drinking threatened his career and Coyhis became sober on August 10, 1978. He joined Alcoholics Anonymous where he sponsored several "difficult cases," finding satisfaction in the challenge they presented, but wondering if he could do more.[4]

Coyhis felt out of touch with his recovery group and suspected that other Native Americans felt the same. In 1988 he was invited by another Indian to go on a five-day fast in the Rampart Range mountains. There he had a vision of a White Bison rising out of the ground and staring at him, which inspired him to help other Native Americans quit drinking.[5] In 1990 he began doing sobriety workshops in the Idaho prison system, then quit his job in 1992 to devote his life to helping others recover from alcoholism, founding White Bison, Inc., a nonprofit charitable organization.[1][6]

Wellbriety Movement

In 1994 he obtained a small grant to work with Native Americans in Maine and began talking to Passamaquoddy Elders about reviving their culture.[4] Coyhis had a dream about an eagle in a ring of light, and the Elders advised him to build a Sacred Eagle Feather Hoop like the one in his dream, using a hundred Eagle feathers.[7] According to the Elders, "wherever the Hoop would go, healing would happen."[4] Elders explained that the Hoop has the power to confer four gifts: forgiveness, unity, healing and hope.[7] Coyhis began meeting with Elders and other people in the Passamaquoddy community. He then decided to take the Hoop to other Native American communities, making the first Hoop journey to 35 Native American colleges in 1999. Coyhis made ten journeys with the Hoop,[8] logging hundreds of thousands of miles each year in an effort to bring the "Wellbriety Movement" to 100 Native communities by the year 2010.[9][10] Before receiving a sustained commitment for support from White Bison, Native communities have to demonstrate a commitment to recovery by declaring a collective desire to break entrenched patterns of passivity, helplessness, and hopelessness. Once significant progress has been achieved, a community is awarded a handmade "big drum" as a sign of respect.[7]

Firestarters

On the Hoop journeys Coyhis recruited people recovering from alcohol dependence to act as "firestarters," leaders of Native American recovery and support groups.[4] Firestarters may choose to lead recovery groups for men, women, Al-Anon (support for friends and relatives of alcoholics), addictions prevention and wellness for Native American boys ages 13 to 17 or for Native American girls ages 8 to 17, support for family healing, or for children of alcoholics.[11]

The role of community and culture in recovery

The term "wellbriety" is derived from a Passamaquoddy word that means to be both sober and well.[12] According to Coyhis, "It means going beyond survival to thrive in one’s own life and in the life of the community. It means living by the laws and values of traditional Native American culture."[2] Coyhis believes that it is not enough to put an individual into rehab or a recovery group to treat alcohol or drug dependence:

"We must actively heal the community and its institutions at the same time an individual works on his or her own healing from alcohol or drugs or other unwell behaviors. The individual affects the community and the community affects the individual. They are inseparable from the point of view of addiction recovery. Everything must be in the healing process simultaneously."[2]

Coyhis also feels that historical and intergenerational trauma are responsible for much substance abuse among Native Americans.[13] He argues that restoring cultural identity by returning to the principles, laws, and values of traditional Native culture promotes healing mentally, physically, emotionally and spiritually. Coyhis acknowledges that each individual needs to work hard to overcome drug and alcohol dependence, but cautions that a healthy sociocultural environment makes the healing process less painful and more likely to succeed.[12][14] He frames this concept in terms of the "healing forest," wherein a sick tree can only recover if the rest of the forest is healthy. This holistic approach represents a conceptual breakthrough by emphasizing the role of the community in recovery.[15]

Expanded mission

Coyhis studied the underlying causes of alcoholism, then decided to expand White Bison's mission to include drug addiction, dysfunctional families and relationships, as well as Native American suicide.[16][17] Coyhis’ model, known as the "Medicine Wheel 12-Step," uses a twelve-step program similar to that used by Alcoholics Anonymous,[18] but it also incorporates cultural elements, including a medicine wheel, group drum circles, songs, healing ceremonies and the teachings of elders.[19] In 2005 Coyhis launched Warrior Down, a program that supports re-entry for Native Americans using a multi-faceted and traditional approach. Through a supportive team of peer support specialists, the program provides resources, programming, recovery support, recidivism prevention, and community referrals for those re-entering the community from treatment or from various forms of incarceration.[20][21]

In 2001 Coyhis met addiction specialist William L. White[4] and they began collaborating on two books: The Red Road to Wellbriety in the Native American Way, and Alcohol Problems in Native America: The Untold Story of Resistance and Recovery, both of which were published by Coyhis Publishing & Consulting, Inc. in 2006.[22][23] The Red Road lays out Coyhis' philosophy for a culturally-appropriate treatment paradigm (referred to as the red road) for Native Americans and their families who are affected by substance abuse. Alcohol Problems in Native America examines the history of alcohol and Native Americans, including Native American temperance activists, and analyzes the successes and failures of addiction treatment programs run for and by Native Americans.[24]

In 2009 Coyhis received the Purpose Prize from the John Templeton Foundation with a monetary award of $100,000.[5] The award allowed Coyhis to establish a Wellbriety Training Institute[19] with the aim of bringing Wellbriety programs to all of the 574 federally recognized tribes in the United States.[5]

Coyhis is on the faculty of the Alberta Family Wellness Initiative.[25] He has eight adult children, several of whom are themselves recovering from alcohol dependence.[2]

Publications
  • Don Coyhis and White Bison, Inc., The Red Road to Wellbriety in the Native American Way, Colorado Springs, CO: Coyhis Publishing & Consulting, Inc., 2006 ISBN 0971990409[22]
  • Don L. Coyhis, Understanding Native American Culture: Insights for Recovery Professionals and Other Wellness Practitioners, Coyhis Publishing & Consulting, Inc., 2nd edition, 2009 ISBN 1607259435[26]
  • Don L. Coyhis, Meditations with Native American Elders: The Four Seasons, Coyhis Publishing & Consulting, Inc. 2007 ISBN 1605304514[27]
  • Don L. Coyhis and William L. White, Alcohol Problems in Native America: The Untold Story of Resistance and Recovery, Colorado Springs, CO: Coyhis Publishing & Consulting, Inc., 2006[23]
  • Moore, D., and Coyhis, D. 2010 "The Multicultural Wellbriety Peer Recovery Support Program: Two Decades of Community-Based Recovery," July 2010 Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 28(3):273-292[28]
  • Jan Gryczynski, Jeannette Johnson & Don Coyhis (2007) "The Healing Forest Metaphor Revisited: The Seen and “Unseen World” of Drug Use," Substance Use & Misuse, 42:2-3, 475-484[29]
  • Don Coyhis, Richard Simonelli, "Rebuilding Native American Communities," Child Welfare, Vol. 84, No. 2, March/April 2005[30]
  • Don L. Coyhis, The Wellbriety Movement Comes of Age: The Fulfillment of Prophecy, Colorado Springs, CO: Coyhis Publishing & Consulting, Inc., 2011[13]

See also

References
  1. White Bison, Inc.
  2. Don Coyhis, 2009 Purpose Prize Winner
  3. "15th Annual Substance Abuse Conference: Creating Healthy Families and Communities." Southern Hills Marriott Hotel, Tulsa OK, January 29-31, 2003
  4. "An Interview with Don Coyhis, 2007" William White Papers
  5. "Don Coyhis wins $100k prize for White Buffalo program," The Circle, December 6, 2009
  6. Richard Simonelli, "A Native American Approach to Diversity: An Interview with Don Coyhis." Winds of Change, vol. 14 no. 2 pp 16-21, Spring 1999
  7. Jodi Rave, "Natives use power of Hoop to heal," Lincoln Journal-Star, Sep 1, 2007
  8. Wellbriety Movement Milestones and Resources
  9. Jodi Rave, "Healing plan destined for Native communities," Independent Record, Jul 26, 2007
  10. Don Coyhis, "Building Culturally Competent Programs: The Wellbriety Movement."
  11. Fred Joiners, "Wellbriety Recovery for Native Americans," Alcohol Self-Help News, January 11, 2008
  12. "Sharing Culture: Wellbriety Movement"
  13. Don L. Coyhis, The Wellbriety Movement Comes of Age: The Fulfillment of Prophecy, Colorado Springs, CO: Coyhis Publishing & Consulting, Inc., 2011 ISBN 1450755771
  14. Don Coyhis, "The Wellbriety Movement: Cultural Healing from Addiction" October 2011, Alberta.
  15. William L. White, "Reflections on a Man: Don Coyhis and a Movement of Wellbriety and Recovery Advocacy." Connecticut Community for Addiction Recovery, December 7, 2018
  16. "Don Coyhis," White Bison website
  17. "Wisdom Circle with Don Coyhis," Indigenous Ways, Santa Fe, NM. Wednesday, April 22, 2020
  18. Twelve Steps for Native Americans
  19. "How to Facilitate Wellbriety Training Institute Programs," Wellbriety Training Institute, White Bison, Inc.
  20. "Answering the Cry of our Warriors: Programming to Support Native Americans Re-entering the Community," National Indian Health Board, 2011
  21. "Breaking the Cycle," Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
  22. Don Coyhis and White Bison, Inc., The Red Road to Wellbriety in the Native American Way, Colorado Springs, CO: Coyhis Publishing & Consulting, Inc., 2006
  23. Don L. Coyhis and William L. White, Alcohol Problems in Native America: The Untold Story of Resistance and Recovery, Colorado Springs, CO: Coyhis Publishing & Consulting, Inc., 2006ISBN 1599752298
  24. Alcohol Problems in Native America, Coyhis Publishing website
  25. Alberta Family Wellness Initiative
  26. Don L. Coyhis, Understanding Native American Culture: Insights for Recovery Professionals and Other Wellness Practitioners, Coyhis Publishing & Consulting, Inc., 2nd edition, 2009 ISBN 1607259435
  27. Don L. Coyhis, Meditations with Native American Elders: The Four Seasons, Coyhis Publishing & Consulting, Inc. 2007 ISBN 1605304514
  28. Moore, D., and Coyhis, D. 2010 "The Multicultural Wellbriety Peer Recovery Support Program: Two Decades of Community-Based Recovery," July 2010 Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 28(3):273-292
  29. Jan Gryczynski, Jeannette Johnson & Don Coyhis (2007) "The Healing Forest Metaphor Revisited: The Seen and “Unseen World” of Drug Use," Substance Use & Misuse, 42:2-3, 475-484
  30. Don Coyhis, Richard Simonelli, "Rebuilding Native American Communities," Child Welfare, Vol. 84, No. 2, March/April 2005
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