Cyclothone

Cyclothone is a genus of bioluminescent bristlemouths which typically grow to around 3 inches (though some species are known to be larger). They are most commonly found at depths exceeding 1000 feet.[1]

Cyclothone
Veiled anglemouth (C. microdon)
Tan bristlemouth (C. pallida)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Stomiiformes
Family:
Gonostomatidae
Genus:
Cyclothone

The genus is believed to be more abundant than any other vertebrate genus on Earth, numbering up to a quadrillion individuals[2][3], i.e. one million billion or 10^15, in the short scale.

Species

There are currently 13 recognized extant[4] and one extinct[5] species in this genus:

  • Cyclothone acclinidens Garman, 1899 (Benttooth bristlemouth)
  • Cyclothone alba A. B. Brauer, 1906 (Bristlemouth)
  • Cyclothone atraria C. H. Gilbert, 1905 (Deep-water bristlemouth)
  • Cyclothone braueri Jespersen & Tåning, 1926 (Garrick)
  • Cyclothone kobayashii Miya, 1994 (Kobayashi's bristlemouth)
  • Cyclothone livida A. B. Brauer, 1902
  • Cyclothone microdon (Günther, 1878) (Veiled anglemouth)
  • Cyclothone obscura A. B. Brauer, 1902 (Hidden bristlemouth)
  • Cyclothone pallida A. B. Brauer, 1902 (Tan bristlemouth)
  • Cyclothone parapallida Badcock, 1982 (Shadow bristlemouth)
  • Cyclothone pseudopallida Mukhacheva, 1964 (Slender bristlemouth)
  • Cyclothone pygmaea Jespersen & Tåning, 1926
  • Cyclothone signata Garman, 1899 (Showy bristlemouth)
  • Cyclothone mukhachevae Nazarkin, 2015 – extinct, from the Miocene.[5]

References
  1. Proujan. C., (1979), SECRETS OF THE SEA, 2nd ed., London: Reader's Digest Association Limited pg.60
  2. Broad, William J. (June 29, 2015). "An Ocean Mystery in the Trillions". The New York Times. Retrieved August 2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. Castro, Peter; Huber, Michael E (2016). Marine Biology (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 369. ISBN 9780078023064.
  4. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). Species of Cyclothone in FishBase. February 2012 version.
  5. Nazarkin, M. V. (2015) "Fossil bristlemouth Cyclothone mukhachevae sp. nov.(Stomiiformes: Gonostomatidae) from the Neogene of western Sakhalin, Russia". Paleontological Journal, 49 (2): 162–175. doi:10.1134/S0031030115020045


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