Caroline Martyn

Caroline Eliza Derecourt Martyn (3 May 1867 – 23 July 1896), sometimes known as Carrie Martyn, was an English Christian socialist and an early organiser of trade unions in the United Kingdom.

Caroline Martyn
Born	Caroline Eliza Derecourt Martyn (1867-05-03)3 May 1867 Lincoln, England
Died	23 July 1896(1896-07-23) (aged 29) Dundee, Scotland
Nationality	English
Other names	Carrie Martyn
Occupation	Activist governess trade union organiser
Political party	Independent Labour Party
Movement	Christian socialism

Early life

Martyn was born in Lincoln, the eldest child of Superintendent James William Martyn, who later became Deputy Chief Constable of Lincolnshire, and his wife Kate Eleanor (née Hewitt). Her parents were devout high Anglicans and active in the Conservative Party. She was educated at Beaumont House School in the city and at the age of eighteen began work as a governess.

Political development

Martyn first joined the Conservative Primrose League, but while working in Reading she lodged with her maternal aunt, Mrs Bailey, who held pronounced left-wing views. She briefly became a radical and then a socialist. In 1891, she was appointed a governess at the Royal Orphanage Asylum in Wandsworth, London, and joined the London Fabian Society. The following year, ill-health forced her to give up work and she began to devote herself full-time to the socialist cause. However, this was tempered by the devout religious views she had inherited from her parents, and she strongly disagreed with the Marxist principles of many of her contemporaries. For a while, in 1893, she was a subeditor on the Christian Weekly.

Suffrage and women's rights

In August 1894 the suffragist newspaper The Woman's Signal reported Martyn as having given an address on "'The Position of Women,'" in which she "advocated the rearing and education of children of both sexes on equal terms, and said that while girls and women were bound to domestic duties ... there was little hope for their intellectual advancement and their being placed on an equal footing with man."[1]

Although she had many articles published in journals, Martyn was predominantly known as a lecturer. She became nationally recognised and large crowds turned up to hear her speak as she travelled round the country. In 1896, she was elected to the National Administrative Council of the Independent Labour Party and became editor of Fraternity, the journal of the International Society for the Brotherhood of Man, and ILP trades union organiser for the north of Scotland. The work and travel, however, undermined her already-fragile health, and a few months later she contracted pneumonia while organising female workers in Dundee. She died a few days later on 23 July 1896 at the age of 29 and was buried in Balgay Cemetery in the city.

Keir Hardie wrote that she was the leading socialist of her day.[2]

Footnotes

1. "Concerning Women". The Woman's Signal. 9 August 1894.
2. Labour Leader, 1 August 1896

References

• Biography, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
• Wallis, Lena (1898). Life and Letters of Caroline Martyn. London: Labour Leader Publishing Department.