Boschniakia rossica

Boschniakia rossica, commonly known as the northern groundcone, is a holoparasitic plant that lives in the northern latitudes of the northern hemisphere. In the Pacific Northwest Temperate Rainforest, it does not grow south of Prince of Wales Island, beyond that boundary is the Vancouver groundcone habitat. It does not contain chlorophyll, so it must be parasitic to obtain nutrients. It specializes on Alnus species, but can parasitize off of other trees and shrubs such as on Betula (birch), Salix (willow), Vaccinium (blueberry), Picea (spruce), and Chamaedaphne (leatherleaf shrub). This organism is likely to be found at mid elevations alongside rivers and streams, where moisture is abundant. This species propagates itself through water flow. In some places bears are known to have eaten the starchy roots, or tubers, of this plant.

Boschniakia rossica
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Orobanchaceae
Genus: Boschniakia
Species:
B. rossica
Binomial name
Boschniakia rossica
Synonyms[1]
  • Boschniakia rossica var. flavida Yue Zhang & J.Y.Ma
  • Lathraea amentacea Schltdl. ex Ledeb.
  • Lathraea strobilacea Schltdl. ex Ledeb.
  • Orobanche rossica Cham. & Schltdl.
  • Stellara lathraeoides Fisch. ex Reut.

Morphology

Boschniakia rossica grows between 6–12 inches, with two or three stems per individual. It has tall slender stalks. The roots grow horizontally from a main bulbous mass. It can vary from very dark maroon to reddish brown in color. This is a perennial plant, and flowers every summer. It can produce up to 300,000 seeds. B. rossica very much looks like a pine cone growing up out of the ground.

Common names
  • Poque
  • Cao-cong-rong (China)
  • Oniku (Japan)
  • Orinamudcobusali (Korea)
  • Du’iinahshèe (Gwichya Gwich'in)
  • Doo’iinahshìh/Tsʼeedichi (Teetå'it Gwich'in)
  • Dotsonʼ ggooneeggeʼ (Koyukon, Lower & Central dialects)
  • Dotsonʼ chʼecheneʼ (Koyukon, Upper dialect)
  • Tulukkam nauligaafa (Inuit)
  • Uktschutsch (Kamtschadalis)

Taxonomy

Genetic analyses have been conducted on B. rossica to determine its phylogeny. There are many ways to phylogenetically classify B. rossica, but scientists from Ohio State University have determined that the family Orobanchaceae is estimated to have originated about 52.2 million years ago.[2] The strongest bootstrap support is for terminal clades. The most parsimonious tree of Boschniakia forms a grade with Conopholis and Epifagus as well as other species of Orobanche. In this tree, Lindenbergia and Schwalbea are sister taxa. These are still hypotheses, and further research is being conducted.

There are two GenBank numbers referring to Boschniakia rossica: AY911214, and rps2;ITS : DQ403779; AY911214.

Synonyms

The following species are considered synonyms to Boschniakia rossica:

  • Boschniakia glabra (C.A. Mey. ex Bong.)
  • Orobanchae glabra (C.A. Mey. ex Bong.) Hook.
  • Orobanchae rossica Cham. & Schltdl.[1]

References
  1. "Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B.Fedtsch". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  2. Wolfe et al. 2005.
  • Wolfe, Andrea D; Randle, Christopher P; Liu, Liang; Steiner, Kim E (2005). "Phylogeny and Biogeography of Orobanchaceae". Folia Geobotanica. 40 (2–3): 115–134. doi:10.1007/bf02803229.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Qu, Baihong; Li, Wei; Chen, Yanqiu; Liu, Jisheng (15 July 2011). "Protection versus culture-driven exploitation of wild plant resources: the case on Changbai Mountain". International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology. 18 (5): 404–411. doi:10.1080/13504509.2011.577196.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Guo, Ji-Xian; et al., eds. (2001). International Collation of Traditional and Folk Medicine. v.4. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Park, Jeong-Mi; Manen, Jean-François; Colwell, Alison E.; Schneeweiss, Gerald M. (2008). "A plastid gene phylogeny of the non-photosynthetic parasitic Orobranche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera". Journal of Plant Research. 121 (4): 365–376. doi:10.1007/s10265-008-0169-5. PMID 18483784.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Quan, Jishy; Piao, Long; Xu, Huixian; Li, Tian; Yin, Xuezhe (2009). "Protective effect of iridoid glucosides from Boschniakia rossica on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats". Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73 (4): 849–854. doi:10.1271/bbb.80757. PMID 19352025.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Kruckeberg, A R (1983). "Temperate Floras: The North Pacific Connection". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 70 (4): 591–596. doi:10.2307/2398978. JSTOR 2398978.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wang, Zhenghui; Wu, Baojun; Zhang, Xianghong; Xu, Min; Chang, Huimin; Lu, Xiaoyun; Ren, Xiaoyong. "Purification of a polysaccharide from Boschniakia rossica and its synergistic antitumor effect combined with 5-Fluorouracil". Carbohydrate Polymers. 212: 31–35.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Yin, Zong Zhu; Jin, Hai Ling; Yin, Xue Zhe; Li, Tian Zhu; Quan, Ji Shu; Jin, Zeng Nan (2000). "Effect of Boschniakia rossica on expression of GST_P, p52 and p21ras proteins in early stage of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis and its anti-inflammatory activities in rats". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 6 (6): 812–818. PMC 4728267. PMID 11819701.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Zhang, Zhi-Yun; Tzvelev, Nikolai N. (1998). "Orobanchaceae". Flora of China. v.18. p. 239. Retrieved December 8, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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