Blue parrotfish

The blue parrotfish (Scarus coeruleus) is a member of the parrotfish genus Scarus. It is found on coral reefs in shallow water in the tropical and subtropical parts of the western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.

This article is about the fish in the Scarus genus. For the fish in the Sparisoma genus, see Sparisoma chrysopterum.

Blue parrotfish
Blue parrotfish in Madagascar Reef.

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Labriformes
Family: Scaridae
Genus: Scarus
Species:
S. coeruleus
Binomial name
Scarus coeruleus
Edwards, 1771
Blue parrotfish range.[2]
Synonyms[3]
  • Coryphaena coerulea Edwards, 1771
  • Coryphaena coerulea Bloch, 1786
  • Scarus coeruleus (Bloch, 1786)
  • Scarus loro Bloch & Schneider, 1801
  • Calliodon gibbosus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
  • Scarus trilobatus Lacépède, 1802
  • Sparus holocyaneos Lacepède, 1802
  • Scarus obtusus Poey, 1860
  • Scarus nuchalis Poey, 1860

Description

They are uniformly blue with a yellow spot on their heads that fades as they age. They average 30 to 75 centimetres (12 to 30 in) in length with a maximum length of 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in). They develop a large "beak" like other parrotfish that is used for scraping algae and small organisms from rocks. They have pharyngeal teeth that grind ingested rocks into sand. No other species has this uniform blue color as adults. They weigh about 9.1 kilograms (20 lb).

Reproduction

In summer, blue parrotfish gather in spawning groups. Sexual interaction occurs and the females deposit their eggs into the water column after which they sink to the seabed. The eggs hatch after about twenty-five hours.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Blue parrotfish are found on coral reefs at depths of 3–25 m (9.8–82.0 ft) in the western Atlantic from Maryland in the United States to Bermuda, the Bahamas, and south to Brazil. They are also found throughout the West Indies but are absent from the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Juveniles are found in beds of turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum).[3]

Diet

Their diet consists of small organisms found in the sand and algae that they scrape off rocks. They spend 80 percent of their time searching for food.

Status

The blue parrotfish has a wide range and is abundant in much of that range, some of which is in marine conservation areas. Although larger individuals are targeted by fishermen, the population of this fish seems to be stable overall. For these reasons, the IUCN has listed this fish as being of "Least Concern".[1]

References
  1. Rocha, L.A.; Choat, J.H.; Clements, K.D.; et al. (2012). "Scarus coeruleus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T190709A17797173. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T190709A17797173.en. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  2. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 2012. Scarus coeruleus. In: IUCN 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-27.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link). Downloaded on 24 July 2015.
  3. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). "Scarus coerulus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  4. "Blue Parrotfishes, Scarus coeruleus". MarineBio Conservation Organisation. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2013.

Further reading
  • Lindholm, James; Knight, Ashley; Kaufman, Les; Miller, Steven (2006). "Site fidelity and movement of the parrotfishes Scarus coeruleus and Scarus taeniopterus at Conch Reef (northern Florida Keys)". Caribbean Journal of Science. 42 (1): 138–144.
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