Agha Jamal Fumani

Agha Jamal Fumani (Persian: آقا جمال فومنی‎), also known as Hajji Jamal Fumani (حاجی جمال فومنی), was a Gilaki tribal chieftain from Fuman, who controlled Gilan from 1749 to 1753.

Biography
Map of northern Iran.

Agha Jamal Fumani was a native of Fuman—he was the son of Agha Kamal, who governed Gilan during the reign of the Safavid shah Sultan Husayn (r. 1694–1722). Furthermore, Agha Jamal Fumani was descended from the Dubbaj clan, which ruled Gilan in the late 15th-early 16th century, and claimed descent from the pre-Islamic Sasanian Empire and the biblical prophet Isaac.[1] In 1749, two years after the death of the Iranian emperor Nader Shah (r. 1736–1747), Agha Jamal Fumani, along with Agha Safi, seized Gilan.[2]

During the war between the Zand dynasty and the Qajars, the Qajar chieftain of the Qoyunlu branch, Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar, made Gilan submit to his rule and in 1752 married the daughter of Agha Jamal Fumani. The following year Agha Jamal Fumani was killed in Shaft by Agha Hady Shafti, who, with the aid of Mirza Zaki, who governed Gaskar, took control over the province. However, his rule was short-lived—4 months later, Agha Hady Shafti was seized and executed in an unexpected attack by Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar, who appointed Agha Jamal Fumani's young son Hedayat-Allah Khan as governor of Gilan.[2]

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References
  1. Kasheff 2001, pp. 635–642.
  2. Langaroudi 2001, pp. 642-645.

Sources
  • Hambly, Gavin R.G (1991). "Agha Muhammad Khan and the establishment of the Qajar dynasty". The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 104–144. ISBN 9780521200950.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Kasheff, Manouchehr (2001). "GĪLĀN v. History under the Safavids". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 6. pp. 635–642.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Langaroudi, Reza Rezazadeh (2001). "GĪLĀN vi. History in the 18th century". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 6. pp. 642–645.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Preceded by
Afsharid rule		 Ruler of Gilan
1749–1753		 Succeeded by
Agha Hady Shafti
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