Acianthus collinus

Acianthus collinus, commonly known as hooded mosquito orchid or inland mosquito orchid, is a flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New South Wales and Victoria in Australia. It is a terrestrial herb with a single, heart-shaped leaf and between two and nine translucent pinkish flowers with reddish markings and is found growing in colonies on sheltered slopes in open forest in on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range.

Hooded mosquito orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Acianthus
Species:
A. collinus
Binomial name
Acianthus collinus

Description

Acianthus collinus is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herb with a single heart-shaped, glabrous, dark green leaf which is reddish-purple on its lower surface. The leaf is 15–32 mm (0.6–1 in) long, 14–30 mm (0.6–1 in) wide on a stalk 3–6 cm (1–2 in) high.[2][3][4][5][6]

There are between two and nine flowers well-spaced on a thin raceme 6–15 cm (2–6 in) tall, each flower 8–11 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped, 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide, translucent pink with reddish veins and markings and forms a hood over the column. The central vein extends about 1.5 mm (0.06 in) beyond the end of the labellum. The lateral sepals are 7–11 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long, about 1.3 mm (0.05 in) wide, linear to lance-shaped, pinkish with a red stripe down the centre and usually cross each other below the labellum. The petals are a similar colour and are about 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long, narrow egg-shaped to lance-shaped and spread widely. The labellum is dark purplish-red to purplish-maroon, 5.5–6.0 mm (0.22–0.24 in) wide, 3.0–3.5 mm (0.12–0.14 in) wide, roughly heart-shaped when flattened, the edges curled under with irregular teeth. The thick, fleshy callus covering most of the central area is dark, purplish red and has many small pimple-like papillae on the outer half. Flowering occurs from late June to August and the capsule that follows is 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 2.0–3.0 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide and is straight or slightly curved.[2][3][4][5][6]

This species is distinguished from the similar Acianthus fornicatus by its translucent pinkish flowers, narrower petals and narrower dorsal sepal.[2] It was not known in Victoria before 1999 where it is now known to occur in two or three places with populations containing hundreds of plants. It is easily overlooked and may occur elsewhere in the region. It is easily distinguished in Victoria by its broad sepal.[4]

Taxonomy and naming

Acianthus collinus was first formally described by David Jones in 1991 and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research from specimens he found with Mark Clements in the Conimbla National Park.[1][2] The specific epithet (collinus) is a Latin word meaning "growing on a hill"[7] referring to the usual habitat of this species.[2] In a 1995 paper published in the journal Allertonia, Paul Kores claimed that A. collinus and four other species are not distinct from A. fornicatus and should be regarded as a synonyms.[8] That position has been adopted by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[9]

Distribution and habitat

This orchid grows in colonies, usually on gently sloping hillsides in open forest.[2] It is found in the Northern Tablelands, Central Tablelands, Southern Tablelands, North West Slopes and Central West Slopes of New South Wales, Black Mountain in the ACT and the Chiltern-Mt Pilot National Park in Victoria.[2][4][5][10]

Conservation

This orchid is listed as "vulnerable" in the Victorian Government Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1998).[6]

References
  1. "Acianthus collinus". APNI. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  2. Jones, David L. (1991). "New taxa of Australian Orchidaceae". Australian Orchid Research. 2: 6–7.
  3. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 162. ISBN 1-877069-12-4.
  4. Bishop, Anthony (1996). Field guide to the orchids of New South Wales and Victoria. Sydney: UNSW Press. p. 181. ISBN 086840375X.
  5. Jones, David L. "Acianthus collinus". Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney:plantnet. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
  6. Jeanes, Jeff. "Acianthus collinus". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  7. Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles. "collinus". A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  8. Kores, Paul J. (1995). "A systematic study of the genus "Acianthus" (Orchidaceae: Diuridae)". Allertonia. 7 (3): 202.
  9. "Acianthus collinus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  10. "Acianthus collinus". Atlas of Living Australia. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
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