8 bore
The 8 bore, also known as the 8 gauge, is an obsolete caliber used commonly in the 19th-century black-powder firearms.
| 8 bore | |
|---|---|
| Type | Smoothbore, rifle and shotgun |
| Place of origin | United Kingdom |
| Specifications | |
| Bullet diameter | .835 in (21.2 mm) |
Design
An 8 bore is a .835 in (21.2 mm) caliber firearm. Historically it was used to fire solid projectiles from smoothbores, rifles and partially rifled ball and shot guns, as well as shot from muzzle-loading and breech-loading actioned shotguns. Later breech loaders were designed to fire cartridges.
History
| 8 bore 3¼-inch shotgun cartridge | |
|---|---|
| Type | Shotgun |
| Specifications | |
| Bullet diameter | .835 in (21.2 mm) |
| Base diameter | .913 in (23.2 mm) |
| Rim diameter | .998 in (25.3 mm) |
| Case length | 3.25 in (83 mm) |
Shot loadings
The 8 bore was a popular wildfowling calibre both in muzzleloaders and later cartridge shotguns. 8 bore cartridges were available in multiple lengths including 3-inch, 3¼-inch, 3¾-inch and 4-inch.[1]
| 8 bore black powder cartridge loadings | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Illustration of an 8 bore rifle cartridge | ||||||||||||
| Type | Rifle | |||||||||||
| Specifications | ||||||||||||
| Filling | Black powder | |||||||||||
| Filling weight | 10 drams (17.7 g) | |||||||||||
| Ballistic performance | ||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||
| Test barrel length: 26 Source(s): Experts on guns and shooting.[2] | ||||||||||||
Solid loadings
When the Dutch established the Dutch Cape Colony in the 17th century, they soon discovered their muskets were hopelessly inadequate against local game. Within a century the most popular Boer firearm was a flintlock smoothbore musket of about 8 bore with a 5–6 foot long barrel.[3] Early British settlers of the Cape Colony in the 18th century also found specialist firearms were required for the local game. British and European gunmakers responded with various long arms from the enormous (although seldom produced) 2 bore down.
By the 19th century, the giant 4 bore had been established as the standard elephant gun amongst European settlers and explorers within Africa, whilst the 8 bore was considered the standard for all other dangerous game.[3] Typical 8 bores weighed 15 to 16 lb (6.8 to 7.3 kg), and fired a 1,250 gr (81 g) conical bullet at around 1,500 ft/s (460 m/s) or an 860 gr (56 g) spherical ball at around 1,650 ft/s (500 m/s), both with 10 to 12 drams (17.72 to 21.26 g) of black powder,[1] although sometimes heavier charges of 14 drams (24.82 g) were used, generally in Africa.[4]
In the late 19th century William W Greener conducted the most thorough research of any gunmaker into the requirements for African hunting. After extensive testing and lengthy discussions with returned hunters and adventurers, including Sir Samuel Baker, he concluded the 8 bore was the largest practical calibre required for hunting dangerous game. Additionally, due to the increased felt recoil of rifled weapons, he recommended the 8 bore as the largest calibre for a rifle, and that firearms above 8 bore be smoothbores.[3]
The most common 8 bore cartridges used paper cases, much like shotgun shells, and true .835 in (21.2 mm) caliber projectiles. A larger version utilising a thin brass case was also available, although it fired .875 in (22.2 mm) projectiles, in reality making it a 7 bore.[5]
Modern uses
In modern times, this size of shotgun shell has a use in cleaning kilns, by blasting away deposits from a distance. This can be done while the kiln is in operation in some instances. Various loadings are in production for different industrial uses.[6][7]
See also
- Gauge (bore diameter)
- 6 bore
- 10 bore
References
- Frank C. Barnes, Cartridges of the World, ed 13, Gun Digest Books, Iola, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4402-3059-2.
- George Teasdale Teasdale-Buckell, Experts on guns and shooting, London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company Limited, 1900, pag.419
- Ganyana, "The Giant Bores 4 and 6", www.shakariconnection.com, retrieved 18 January 2017.
- John Taylor, African rifles and cartridges, Sportsman’s Vintage Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-940001-01-2.
- Ross Seyfried, "The most powerful rifles on earth", www.riflemagazine.com, retrieved 18 January 2017.
- Remington Arms, "MasterBlaster System", www.remington.com, archived 4 October 2010.
- Winchester, "Winchester Industrial Equipment & Loads", www.winchester.com, archived 10 November 2006.
External links
- David E. Petzal, "Black Powder Behemoths", www.fieldandstream.com, retrieved 18 January 2017.