1,2,4-Butanetriol

1,2,4-Butanetriol
Names
	IUPAC name Butane-1,2,4-triol
	Other names 1,2,4-Butanetriol; 1,2,4-Trihydroxybutane; Triol 124; 2-Deoxyerthritol
Identifiers
CAS Number	3068-00-6 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:88063 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1356759;
ChemSpider	17287 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.019.385
EC Number	221-323-5;
PubChem CID	18302;
RTECS number	EK7176000;
UNII	NK798C370H ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8044416 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H10O3/c5-2-1-4(7)3-6/h4-7H,1-3H2 Key: ARXKVVRQIIOZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C4H10O3/c5-2-1-4(7)3-6/h4-7H,1-3H2 Key: ARXKVVRQIIOZGF-UHFFFAOYAQ;
	SMILES OCC(O)CCO; OCCC(O)CO;
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H10O3
Molar mass	106.121 g·mol−1
Density	1.19
Boiling point	190 to 191 °C (374 to 376 °F; 463 to 464 K) 18 torr
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word	Warning
GHS hazard statements	H315, H319, H335
GHS precautionary statements	P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+352, P304+340, P305+351+338, P312, P321, P332+313, P337+313, P362, P403+233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 2 0
Flash point	112 °C (234 °F; 385 K)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

1,2,4-Butanetriol is a clear or slightly yellow, odorless, hygroscopic, flammable, viscous liquid. It is an alcohol with three hydrophilic alcoholic hydroxyl groups. It is similar to glycerol and erythritol. It is chiral, with two possible enantiomers.

1,2,4-Butanetriol is used in the manufacture of butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN), an important military propellant.

1,2,4-Butanetriol is also used as a precursor for two cholesterol-lowering drugs, Crestor and Zetia, which are derived from D-3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid, by using 3-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone as a chiral synthon[1][2] It is used as one of the monomers for manufacture of some polyesters and as a solvent.

1,2,4-Butanetriol can be prepared synthetically by several different methods such as hydroformylation of glycidol and subsequent reduction of the product, sodium borohydride reduction of esterified malic acid, or catalytic hydrogenation of malic acid.[3] However, of an increasing importance is the biotechnological synthesis using genetically engineered Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fragi bacteria.[4]

References

Niu, Wei; Molefe, Mapitso N.; Frost, J. W. (2003). "Microbial Synthesis of the Energetic Material Precursor 1,2,4-Butanetriol". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125 (43): 12998–12999. doi:10.1021/ja036391+. ISSN 0002-7863.
"Biosynthetic Pathways". Archived from the original on 2011-06-26. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
Chemical & Engineering News, May 31, 2004, Volume 82, Number 22, pp. 31-34, "Biomass or Bust" Web version
The State News, Feb. 12, 2004, "Propelling Research" by Meghan Gilbert. = 22196 Web version Archived 2002-09-02 at the Wayback Machine

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[NiuMolefe2003-1] Niu, Wei; Molefe, Mapitso N.; Frost, J. W. (2003). "Microbial Synthesis of the Energetic Material Precursor 1,2,4-Butanetriol". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125 (43): 12998–12999. doi:10.1021/ja036391+. ISSN 0002-7863.

[2] "Biosynthetic Pathways". Archived from the original on 2011-06-26. Retrieved 24 November 2010.

[3] Chemical & Engineering News, May 31, 2004, Volume 82, Number 22, pp. 31-34, "Biomass or Bust" Web version

[4] The State News, Feb. 12, 2004, "Propelling Research" by Meghan Gilbert. = 22196 Web version Archived 2002-09-02 at the Wayback Machine