Okay, guess it will be long-winded with lots of assumptions and generalizations.
Dragons generally possess the following traits:
- Large
- Possesses wings (whether they can only be used for gliding, capable of powered flight, or just decoration, is up to the creator)
- Tough
- Has a reptilian look (aka: scales)
- But morphology is closer to mammals, especially bigger carnivores, like lions tigers and whatever.
- Usually a hexapod (six-limbed)
- Breathes fire
Let's see them, one by one:
Putting it together
Thanks to how genetics work, you'll have to build dragons from the ground up, 200 years, even with the "either angels or apes" phenomena of constantly accelerating technological development, still seem early. You'll need lots of processing power and a dedicated community to lay the foundations of life-shaping. It'll be like programming all over again.
Size
I'd rather douse myself in ClF3 and become a living funeral pyre, but...
When it comes to scaling things up there are two ways to stall the square-cube law:
Geometry: By arranging organic material in foamy and hollow structures, you can increase the surface and the volume without adding much weight. This is the most applicable to bones, and I also like to add what I call "substitute fat" or "biological padding" it goes where fat would normally, but it consists of layers of open and closed cell foam, its special ability is resisting blunt force trauma with tensile strength (for closed cells). You can also add subcutaneous air sacs.
Material selection:
- Bones: Let me introduce you to one of my favorite things: the short fiber composite limpet teeth. Limpet teeth are made out of a
super material with the tensile strength of 4.9 GPa on AVERAGE, and whose strength depends on the angle between the fiber and the loading axis. In layman's terms, you basically have the perfect material for wing bones.
- Tendons and ligaments: Cellulose. Really! Some lads in the labs made it into a fiber with eight times the stiffness of spider silk and the tensile strength of 1.57 GPa, with high specific strength (strength/mass). Coolio, your dragon is starting to look better!
Maybe I revisit this section later...
Placing the extra legs
I guess this one will work. Pectoralis major and supracoracoideus are the main flight muscles. Attaching enough muscle to the wing is gonna be tricky, and you'll most definitely have to modify the humerus.
Tough
Another new material: mantis shrimp clubs. They are very impact resistant, in my world, that's a synonym for bullet resistant. The scales should be thin regardless.
Reptilian look
See above.
Morphology
I guess the picture above will cover that as well.
Too bad the Quetzalcoatlus northropi had noodle limbs. You can still add some padding to make it look better.
Speaking of which, a flight-capable dragon wouldn't actually be able to take off as the quetzy did. The quetzalcoatlus employed what's called the quad launch to get airborne. Dragons have a lower profile (which is good), but also makes them incapable of jumping into the air like that. this stays true for wyverns as well. So, dragons need an elevated point to take off from, unless you make them really small.
Fire breathing
I think you already know the spiel about the bombardier beetle. I'm still kinda worried about its propulsion, D&D 4e had the dragons literally vomit their breath attacks. I usually opt for sneezing (Hold on, SNOWFORTYOUUSELESSCAVEMAN! Tell me, can chickens sneeze? Good...) instead, until I imagined an Ancient Red Dragon with cold.
Another method you can try is the dragons expelling methane, NOT hydrogen, normally used as a way to decrease their weight and density through buoyancy. Though it won't be anything spectacular, at least it's really hard for it to go Hinderburg, and doesn't leak. And remember:
Whether a mixture of air and gas is combustible depends on the air-to-fuel ratio. For each fuel, ignition occurs only within the explosive range (i.e., the lower and upper explosive limits). For example, for methane and gasoline vapor, the explosive range is 5-15% and 1.4-7.6% gas to air, respectively.
Tail
The tail should be sleek to add as little weight as possible and decrease drag.
Dragons are often depicted with "spades", an arrowhead-shaped bony growth, at the end of their tail, personally, I prefer spearhead-shaped ones, coated with the venom of the inland taipan which the dragon would completely be immune to, of course.
Next update will add tactics, claws and chompy jaws. Auf Wiedersehen!
2Welcome DragonMaster92. You'd need quite a budget. What design features are you looking for? – BLT-Bub – 2019-02-06T17:36:52.943
What exactly do you want these dragons to be able to do? – Tim B – 2019-02-06T17:40:03.297
Define "dragon". Komodos have been a thing since before humanity and they have "dragon" attached to their name. – Renan – 2019-02-06T17:48:41.570
Morphology? wings? size? flight (not everything with wings can fly)? fire-breathing? 4 limbs or 6? what do you consider "a dragon"? proposed starting species? .. you need a lot more detail, & I've probably missed some that need answering for the question not to be too broad. – Pelinore – 2019-02-06T17:52:10.523
Sorry im not that good at Details (thats probballyyy not a good thing for a writer to be) – AnotherQuestionMyDudes – 2019-02-06T17:57:03.400
Probably a duplicate of https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/q/313/21222
– Renan – 2019-02-06T18:03:09.413Sorry about that i didnt know there already was a similar question. – AnotherQuestionMyDudes – 2019-02-06T18:03:44.130
Wings plus four limbs may be a problem, I know there are ways to encourage snake embryos to grow limbs by introducing hormones at certain points on the ribs & iirc this can be done to encourage more than 2 pairs of limbs, but that's not a genetic manipulation & won't follow through to offspring which (I presume?) is what you want, dual purpose front limbs or skin flaps between front & rear limbs is probably feasible though. – Pelinore – 2019-02-06T18:05:12.923
Edited capitalization mostly (In English, "I" is always capitalized and nouns are rarely capitalized unless they are proper nouns or begin a sentence). Added in the link to the possible duplicate...I think you could revamp your question to ask the part that question didn't cover. But I left it up to you to make those changes, or to explain why your question isn't a duplicate. – Cyn says make Monica whole – 2019-02-06T18:11:37.883
@Renan : not sure that's really a full dupe, the answers to much of what the OP wants might be there in its answers though? – Pelinore – 2019-02-06T18:13:13.483
If 4 limbs (rather than 6) are acceptable to you then this question Are genetically engineered wyverns with my specifications possible? is close to being a dupe, you want fire breathing as well so it's not a complete dupe.
– Pelinore – 2019-02-06T18:58:20.270If you where willing to substitute some form of spat venom such as that of the spitting cobra (or maybe stomach acid?) for fire breathing in something with a wyverns body-plan (so 4 limbs with the front legs replaced by wings much like a bats) then it's completely plausible, actual flight at the size you suggest ("larger than a elephant") isn't (I think smaller would be more plausible though), but gliding might be.
– Pelinore – 2019-02-06T19:19:48.383