Everything alive in the world dies this instant. Without bacteria to decompose anything, what happens to the remains? What does this look like?

Question

So when I say everything, I mean everything. Humans, animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, all dead. If the bacteria and other detritovores and decomposers can't decompose anything since they themselves are all dead, what happens to all the carcasses and remains of the life?

Do these remains decay through other inorganic means? What do they look like throughout this process? And how long would it take?

(For the purposes of this question, let's just say that Viruses and Prions count as "alive", they are "killed" in this scenario as well)

Answer 1

They weather.

https://www.livescience.com/18343-seal-mummies-antarctic-microbes.html

Antarctica has dry valleys where, for some reasons, seals sometimes went. It is a bad place for seals, and they died. It is a bad place for microbes and everything else too, so the dead seals did not decompose. These mummies are hundreds of years old.

The mummies weather in the elements. UV radiation breaks down tissue. Wind and windblown grit wear it away. It is much like what happens to wood left outside in a dry environment.

In a world without scavengers, fungi or microbes, these processes would be what gradually took away the remains of the world's life. I do not think warm circumstances would matter as much in the absence of life. Wet would matter but much less than it does when there are fungi - the water would carry away degraded bits as the rain washed the mummies - so they would vanish faster than these seal mummies in the dry valleys.

Answer 2

The remains would mummify, petrify, erode, and eventually become just another mineral layer.

Where water is available the organic remains will dissolve and be replaced with inorganic minerals to form fossils, and if no water is available the remains will desiccate and be preserved as mummies.

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There wasn't much specification regarding the timeline or location, so the below are just the general process that will occur over a long period of time.

Mummification: In particularly dry areas like deserts or mountain peaks, the remains would mummify, much like this creepy fellow. Even with regular decomposition mummification can still occur naturally, so without scavengers and bacteria getting in the way much of the life in dry areas would desiccate and mummify.

Petrifaction: In areas with water, the remains would petrify. Water would leak into the pores of tissue and bone, and minerals within that water will precipitate out and saturate the remains, resulting in a combination of organic and inorganic remains. This process is called permineralization, and is the reason we have dinosaur fossils. Without bacteria, the soft tissue remains would also go through this process and become fossilized.

Over time, much of the organic remains would slowly be dissolved by water and replaced by minerals, in the uncreatively named process of replacement. Unless the fossilized remains reach a dry area, they will eventually lose all of their organic components and be no different from oddly shaped rocks.

Erosion into Mineral Layers: As explained above, the organic material in the remains will slowly dissolve and be washed away by water(and probably other chemicals). The dissolved bones, shells, beaks, and corals of the trillions of dead will pile to form layers of limestone, rainforests will turn into vast swaths of coal, fossils and mummies would be formed in amounts to put previous extinction events to shame, and the swarms of dead ocean critters won't even get to become oil without bacteria. If given enough time, even the petrified and mummified remains will erode like an other rock, leaving little evidence of life except layers and veins of organic minerals.

Answer 3

Unless you totally destroy all proteins everywhere, I'm going to bet that some of the very simple forms of life will find a way to recombine after 'death', and rapidly turn the earth into bacterial soup. Most theories of the beginnings of life involve rogue proteins teaming up to eat other stuff, and I suspect some simpler single celled organisms would spontaneously do this right away, given the incredible abundance of defenseless, energy rich raw material all over the place.

Answer 4

Things would still decompose, but maybe not as fast, dependig on environmental factors. Enzymes and other chemicals found within the (now dead) bodies (or whatever remains) would break those down. Then of course there is heat degradation. And depending on environment (again), interaction between chemicals from both the remains and the environment. And then there is weathering.

Answer 5

In addition to @Giter's excellent answer, there is another destructor of life remains on land:

Fire

Wildfires will not only burn down the dead forests and grasslands but also consume almost all the corpses lying on the earth surface. The ashes will be dispersed by the wind and deposited somewhere, forming a faint geological mark of the end of life as we know it on earth.

Answer 6

Another solution: aliens.

Well, kind of. I am assuming "everything alive in this world" means to a certain height above the earth, probably to the generally accepted limit for our atmosphere. We know for a fact that there are organisms hanging out on most if not all of the sundry items we have put in orbit around our planet. As those deorbit, some of those organisms will probably survive, and start feasting on the lovely food laid out for them on the planet below. It will take some time, but they will likely dominate the earth.

Answer 7

This is only a partial answer.

Life is essentially an on-going chemical reaction. Killing all life does not stop all chemical reactions, it merely interrupts the reactions needed for life to sustain itself.

Lifeforms contain many different types of chemicals/compounds. Some compounds are fairly volatile and would break down by themselves into simpler chemicals after a short time (hours/days). The stomach acids of animals would partially break down the body until they were too diluted to be effective. Some compounds would dissipate, such as water and oils in a dry environment. If the remains were in water, they would absorb water until an equilibrium was reached.

The tougher tissues (wood, bones, spines, etc.) would last longer than the softer tissues (leaves, skin, blood, etc.)

The more active the environment was, the more weathering would have an effect. After a short time, exposed remains would be subject to erosion and buried remains would be subject to fossilisation. Note that generally speaking, fossilisation is hard to achieve because so many factors have to be present at the same time, although with no life to consume the remains there would be a slight increase in burial events.

Any remains in cold areas would be preserved longer than in hot areas because heat accelerates chemical reactions.

Answer 8

CJ Dennis is heading in the right direction. Chemical reactions keep happening, and life catalyzes some of them more than others.

There would presumably still be lightning strikes, and eventually most of the dead forests and dead grasslands would be burned to ash. The existing coal mine fires would continue until they got buried or soaked. The main reason the CO2 level in our atmosphere is so small is that plants keep removing CO2. So CO2 levels would rise. But there isn't enough biomass to bring oxygen levels down very much. I think.

Volcanoes and hydrothermal vents release sulfur gases and ammonia. If they weren't metabolized what slower chemical reactions would they get?

It's hypothesized that the atmosphere used to be anoxic, and life created all the free oxygen. Maybe we could eventually get back to that? I don't think the numbers add up on it, I think there's far more oxygen than carbon biomass, but I could be wrong. Still, whatever equilibrium it approached would surely have much more CO2. It might have less N2 and more other nitrogen compounds, or maybe not. Nitrogen compounds are heavily metabolized and N2 is a low-energy form that some bacteria produce when they extract energy from other nitrogen compounds.

Would we get a big greenhouse effect? I'd expect so.

Pretty much everything that's biomass now would eventually get oxidized. The earth would have a very different climate, but it wouldn't be easy to predict just what it would be like. One reason to think it wouldn't just slip back to what we had before life changed it so much, is that the earth is not nearly as hot now.

Answer 9

Heads-up: Scientific people, please correct me if I'm wrong, since I'm just semi-informed layman. Hoping I don't offend anyone or cringe anyone up into a singularity, I lay my thoughts bare for the world to see:

All previous answers rely on the fact that chemistry and physics just goes away.. and I cannot fully partake in this.. I will allow just minor alterations in the physics of the universe, everything else is just going too far for me and if you want that, then please ignore what I'm about to write next...

Everything that lives, dies

As you've stated that no living thing would remain alive, this implies that ALL atomic bonds have been broken, no molecules survive.. asin.. literally ALL molecular patterns cease to be. This feat is nothing to sneeze at (if at all possible), but I will allow it in order to entertain us: Voiding all atomic bonds would break all molecules into it's constituent atoms, in this, there are a couple of scenarios I can come up with:

No more atomic bonds, permanently

You destroy the concept of atomic bonds forever and basically turn everything into transparent haze of atomic dust.. all forms of structures would disappear, and this is a good thing, since there would be no complex molecules left to support ANYTHING, thus collapsing in on itself, electron shells overlapping, probably either:

• some kind of high temperature bose-einstein condensate with unknown properties
• a low-pressure neutron core, much like a neutron star, only bigger in radius and lower in density
• a singularity, since there are no molecular bonds anymore, you basically throw away all repulsive properties of electrons as well and atomic nuclei are allowed to touch, either collapsing together like the earlier mentions neutron core, and at high enough pressures to overcome the strong force, a fusion reaction, causing the entire planet to go bang like a mini supernova.

No more atomic bonds, (extremely) briefly

If you only disrupt the atomic bonds but a Planck Second, all matter would violently re-connect to it's molecular counterpart for the most part (except for some boundary layers where substances would mix, if possible and not disturbed by the violent nature of atomic bonding) and release a tremendous amount of heat, basically breaking down every molecule and atom into a plasma, blowing up the planet in a violent explosion caused by the thermal pressure of the instant plasma.

Near Infinite Gamma Ray Annihilation PewPew Beam

If you just kill life by irradiating it so hard that 100% of all life (remember, this shit is TOUGH) is dead by method of focusing the combined energy a couple of thousands Gamma Ray Bursts onto the planet (only 1 will yield you 99,99% results, so you'll have to do this a couple of thousand times over to get anything approaching 100% on a molecular level) you either:

• Put so much energy into the planet that the thing basically turns into a plasma ball, exploding violently by the extreme thermal pressure of the entire planetary sized plasma ball.
• If somehow, no heat is transferred from this Gamma Ray Annihilation Beam, and no heat is caused by the friction of atoms and and no particles will recombine because you can keep this beam on long enough (or let it simmer away), you will probably end up with atomic dust either being blown away by the beam or by turbulence in the system itself, turning into a ring of dust around the sun.

Conclusion

I'm no physicist or mathematician, but I know that in order to kill every group of molecules that has the potential for abiogenesis, you will have to dump an AWEFUL lot of energy into your target, in this case an entire planet. The whole "ball of plasma violently exploding under the radiation pressure"-theme is popping up a lot of times when I run simulations in my head.

Stuff just doesn't die for no apparent reason.. Life is really tough.

But again, since is is a ridiculous fantasy situation and the fact that I couldn't mathmatically formulate ANYTHING I stated above (even if my life depended on it), everything is just 100% pure speculation based on known physics.

Answer 10

This happened on earth several hundred million years ago: lots of oil fields will form.

edit: unless there is no volcanic activity, in that case it will just lie on the surface. If there is an atmosphere, they will be eroded into microparticles. If there is no atmosphere, should just sit there forever.

Answer 11

This already happened in Earth's history

This question has a very simple answer. Read this article:

http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2016/01/07/the-fantastically-strange-origin-of-most-coal-on-earth/

That is what would happen.

To summarize in case you did not read it:

There was a time in Earth's history when, for millions of years, you had trees that lived and died but there was no bacteria that could decompose them. This was because the trees evolved before the bacteria that broke them down.

What happens is that you get dead organisms piling on top of each other and crushing the earlier dead ones underneath. This compresses them into various natural resources that we use today (or in your case future intelligent species might use). You also get spectacular forest fires that last years or decades as there is just so much fuel to burn once a fire starts.

Adding a few dried up dead animals to the mix, I'm sure, wouldn't be any different than the piles of dead trees that existed in the past.

So what would you get? Oil, diamonds, fires, and some other resources.

From Wikipedia:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferous#Terrestrial_invertebrates

The large coal deposits of the Carboniferous may owe their existence primarily to two factors. The first of these is the appearance of wood tissue and bark-bearing trees. The evolution of the wood fiber lignin and the bark-sealing, waxy substance suberin variously opposed decay organisms so effectively that dead materials accumulated long enough to fossilise on a large scale. The second factor was the lower sea levels that occurred during the Carboniferous as compared to the preceding Devonian period. This promoted the development of extensive lowland swamps and forests in North America and Europe. Based on a genetic analysis of mushroom fungi, it was proposed that large quantities of wood were buried during this period because animals and decomposing bacteria had not yet evolved enzymes that could effectively digest the resistant phenolic lignin polymers and waxy suberin polymers. They suggest that fungi that could break those substances down effectively only became dominant towards the end of the period, making subsequent coal formation much rarer.

Reddit thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/comments/29jltf/til_on_earth_there_was_a_time_when_forests_didnt/