Spanish phrasebook

Spanish (español), also known as Castilian (castellano), is the third most-spoken language in the world (after Mandarin Chinese and English), with around 500 million speakers. Originating in Spain and spoken by most residents there, it is also an official language in Mexico and all of Central America except Belize (though it is widely understood there as well). It is also an official language of many South American countries, with the exceptions of Brazil, the Falkland Islands, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname. Spanish is generally widely understood to some level in all those countries as well.

Regions with Spanish as an official language. They are mostly concentrated in Europe and the Americas.

In the Caribbean, Spanish is spoken in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. Spanish is also a first language for many people in the United States, especially in California, Texas, New York City, Chicago, South Florida, and elsewhere in the Southwest—it is a co-official language of New Mexico, and many government offices in major American cities provide services in Spanish in addition to English. There are around 50 million Spanish speakers (including native and second language speakers) in the U.S., making it the country with the second-highest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico. Additionally, Spanish is an official language in the African country of Equatorial Guinea. It is also widely spoken in the British territory of Gibraltar, where almost all locals are bilingual in English and Spanish.

A Western Romance language, Spanish is closely related to and somewhat mutually intelligible with the other Romance languages, such as Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian. English and Spanish share variants of approximately one third of their words (via Latin), although the pronunciation and spelling tend to be very different.

Spanish nouns come in two genders, feminine and masculine. Grammatical gender is not tied to biological sex, so unlike English, even inanimate objects are assigned a gender (e.g. silla [chair] is feminine; libro [book] is masculine). The article before the noun depends on the gender and number: the definite article (which in English is the) is la for singular feminine nouns, el for singular masculine nouns, las for plural feminine nouns, and los for plural masculine nouns. The grammatical gender of nouns referring to people generally follow their sex, but there are nouns which remain of the same gender regardless of the sex of the person they are referring to (e.g. persona [person] is feminine even if referring to a male person). While this may sound confusing or disorientating to English speakers at first, the system can be understood quickly. Most nouns that end in -o are masculine, and most nouns that end in -a are feminine. Most nouns ending in consonants are also masculine, with some notable exceptions. For instance, every noun ending in -ción (e.g. información [information], nación [nation]) is feminine. If you make a gender-based mistake (e.g. saying el mesa rather than la mesa [the table]), Spanish speakers will still understand you, although you may be corrected. There are some common words which break these conventions (e.g. la mano [the hand]) or which can even take either gender depending on dialect (e.g. la/el mar [the sea]).

The Spanish verb tense system is fairly similar to English, but all six person/number combinations take different endings in the indicative. The formal "you" (usted in singular, ustedes in plural) takes a third-person verb. Adjectives must match the gender and number of the noun they're describing, so a man says encantado and a woman says encantada for "delighted". Adjectives always inflect to match the gender and plurality, even if the noun has the "wrong"-looking ending; for example, "clean hands" is manos limpias, even though mano ends in an -o. The indirect object and the animate direct object are both marked by a.

Pronunciation guide

Spanish spelling has the pleasant characteristic of being very phonetic, with only a few clearly-defined exceptions. This means that if you know how to pronounce the letters of a word, it's relatively easy to sound out the word itself. Although Spanish has loan words that have been acquired from a variety of other languages, it is nothing like the hodge-podge that is English, with wildly unpredictable spelling, etymology, and grammatical rules which cannot be relied upon. Spanish also has a much stronger tendency to "localize" loanwords than English, which means spelling, pronunciation or both will be changed to better fit the logic of the Spanish language, resulting in words like "beisbol".

Spanish pronunciation varies by region, though speakers from different countries can generally understand each other without trouble. Dialects are usually grouped into the varieties spoken in Spain (which is called Iberian, Peninsular, or European Spanish) and the varieties spoken in Latin America, but there is substantial variation between each of these groups. The one most striking difference between all Latin American dialects and most Spanish dialects lies in the pronunciation of "z", and "c" before "e" or "i". While all Latin American dialects produce an "s" sound (thus making "caza" and "casa" homophones) most Spanish dialects in Spain produce a "th" sound (with the tongue between the teeth, represented as "θ") for those consonants.

Vowels

The vowels in Spanish are short crisp sounds. They are not dragged out like some English vowels. Spanish makes no distinction between "long" and "short" vowels and Spanish-speakers are unlikely to even hear a difference. There is however a distinction between stressed and unstressed.

a 

like 'a' in "father"

e 

between 'ay' in "pay" and 'e' in "pet"

i 

like 'ee' in "see"

o 

like 'o' in "roll"

u 

like 'u' in "rule"

y 

like 'ee' in "see". Very rarely used at the middle or ending of words. Like "y" in young at the beginning of words.

Consonants

b 

like 'b' in "elbow" at the beginning of a word and after 'm': boca (mouth). A soft vibration sound almost like English 'v' elsewhere, specifically a 'v' sound but with your two lips pressed together in a 'b' or 'p' shape with the airflow of a 'v'.

c 

In most cases it is pronounced like 'c' in "scare": calle (street). When followed by 'e' or 'i', it is like 's' in "supper" (in the Americas, the Canaries and some parts of the Philippines) or 'th' in "thin" (Spain): cine (cinema, pronounced by Latin Americans as SEE-nay, Spaniards as THEE-nay)

ch 

like 'ch' in "touch": muchacho (boy) [tʃ]

d 

like 'd' in "dog" at the beginning of a sentence or after 'n' or 'l'; like the 'th' in "the" between vowels: de (of/from), pasado (the adjective or noun past). You're usually fine just using the 'th' sound as in "the".

f 

like 'f' in "fine": faro (lighthouse)

g 

when followed by 'e' or 'i', like a throaty 'h' (general = heh-neh-RAHL, meaning general), otherwise like 'g' in "ago" (gato, cat). In the clusters "gue" and "gui", the 'u' serves only to change the sound of the consonant and is silent (guitarra, guitar), unless it bears a diaeresis, as in "güe" and "güi" (pedigüeño, beggar). In between vowels, it tends to be weakened to a softer sound, [ɣ].

h 

silent: hora= OR-ah (hour). Pronounced like a softer 'j' only in foreign words.

j 

like a throaty 'h' in "ha": jamón (ham), the sound of Scottish or German "ch" as in "Loch" is close [x]

k 

like 'k' in "ski": kilo The letter K is only used in foreign words (kárate, kilo, Kiev, etc.). It is somewhat associated with the Basque language (where it is more common) and youth culture in common non-standard spellings, replacing qu before e and i and c before a, u, o and consonants.

l 

like 'l' in "love": lápiz (pen)

ll 

Varies substantially by dialect. The easiest widely understandable pronunciation is like 'y' in "year": llamar (to call). Pronounced like a 'zh' [ʒ] as in 'Zhivago' or 'sh' [ʃ] as in 'show' only in Argentina and Uruguay; in some other countries it may be pronounced like an English 'j' [dʒ] as in "ninja" or like 'ly' [ʎ] as in the English word "million".

m 

like 'm' in "mother": mano (hand, a rare example of a word whose grammatical gender breaks the rules outlined above—"la mano" is correct)

n 

like 'n' in "nice", and like 'n' in "anchor": noche (night), ancla (anchor)

ñ 

like 'ny' in "canyon": cañón (canyon) [ɳ], piñata. This is a separate letter in the Spanish alphabet. Pronouncing this as "n" will usually be intelligible but can sometimes make an entirely separate word. For instance, año is "year" but ano is "anus"—you'll want to avoid saying that you have 33 anuses when you mean to say that you're 33 years old.

p 

like 'p' in "spit": perro (dog)

q 

like 'k' in "ski" (always with a silent "u"): queso, pronounced KAY-so (cheese)

r, rr 

Spanish has two 'r' sounds, both of which are different from their counterpart in English. Some effort should be made to approximate each of them, to help listeners distinguish between perro ("dog") and pero ("but") — or perhaps to understand you at all:

• single r: For American English speakers, like the dd in "ladder". This sound is created by putting the tip of the tongue up against where the front of the roof of the mouth meets the upper teeth, very similar to the action English speakers make to pronounce l or d. To some English speakers, it may sound a bit like a combined "d-r". Take care to pronounce r separately when it follows a consonant; a blended English tr will not be recognized in the Spanish word otro ("other"), which should be pronounced more like "OHT-roh". Try to avoid the common pitfall to distinguish the words by the vowel: There is no difference in the e sound of pero and perro and Spanish native speakers won't hear any if you try to make one.
• rolled r: Written "r" at the beginning of the word, or "rr" between vowels. It's a trill, a multiply vibrating sound. Whereas most English speakers can learn to tap out a single r, many adults learning Spanish find this sound impossible to produce; in this case, pronouncing it like a Spanish r or fumbling out a d-r will be better understood than pronouncing it like a long English r.

s 

like 's' in "son": sopa (soup); in Spain, it is often pronounced like a soft, palatised "sh" at the end of a word or syllable.

t 

like 't' in "stop": tapa (top)

v 

Pronounced the same way as b (see above): like 'b' in "elbow" at the beginning of a word and after 'n'; closer to the English 'v' sound elsewhere. To distinguish v from b when saying the name of the letter, one says "ve chica" or "be grande" to indicate which; native Spanish speakers may not hear the difference between "vee" and "bee".

w 

like 'w' in "weight" in English words, whisky, (pronounced "WEESS-kee"). Like 'b' in "bed" in German words. This letter is never used in native Spanish words and you can live your entire life in a Hispanic country and never hear it outside of the word "whisky".

x 

like 'x' in "flexible" (flexible). Like 'ss' in "hiss" at beginning of a word (xilófono, xylophone). Like a throaty 'h' in the words México, mexicano, Oaxaca, and oaxaqueño. Often found in words of indigenous American origin where it may not follow Spanish pronunciation logic.

y 

like 'y' in "yes": payaso (clown). Like 'y' in "boy": hoy (now). Pronounced like a 'zh' [ʒ] as in 'Zhivago' or 'sh' [ʃ] as in 'show' only in Argentina and Uruguay: yo no sé (I don't know), pronounced "zhoh noh say".

z 

like 's' in "supper" (Latin America, parts of Spain), like 'th' in "thin" (most of Spain) [θ]: zorro (fox). See c above.

Similarities in pronunciation between b/p/v can be difficult for gringos (English speakers). Many Spanish speakers are familiar with Anglo cultures, particularly in Mexico and Spain, where they interact with English-speakers on a regular basis, so they may have more familiarity with your inability to pronounce their words as they do. If you are visiting remote villages in the Andes, Hispanics there will be less likely to decode mispronunciations.

Diphthongs

Most diphthongs can be approximated by blending the first vowel into the second in a single syllable. However, according to the Real Academía Española only diphthongs containing an i or u are "one syllable", all others are two syllables (this is relevant in questions of where to place accents)

ai, ay 

like 'eye': baile (BAI-leh, dance)

au 

like 'ow' in "cow": causa (KOW-sah, cause)

ea 

like 'eh-ah': fea (FEH-ah, ugly)

ei, ey 

like 'ay' in "say": reina, rey. (RAY-nah, queen)

eu 

like 'eh-oo': euro ("EH-oo-roh")

ia 

like 'ee-yah': piano (pee-YAH-noh)

ie 

like 'ee-yeh': pie (PYEH, foot)

io 

like 'ee-oh': dio (DYOH, gave)

iu 

like 'ee-oo': ciudad (see-oo-DAHD, city)

oi, oy 

like 'oy' in "boy": soy (soy, I am)

ua 

like 'wa' in "wallet": cuatro (KWAH-troh, four)

ue 

like 'we' in "well": puedo (PWEH-doh, I can)

ui, uy 

like 'wee' in "ween": ruido (RRWEE-doh, noise)

uo 

like "wo" in "won't": averiguo (ah-beh-REE-gwoh, I find out)

Accents and stress

Word stress can affect the meaning of the word and generally follows these rules:

• If a word is marked with an accent, then that syllable receives the stress.
  • Additionally, if the accent marks a diphthong a syllable break occurs between the two vowels of the diphthong.

• If a word is NOT marked with an accent, then

1. if the word ends in a consonant other than N or S, the stress occurs on the last syllable.
2. if the word ends in a vowel, N or S, the stress occurs on the next to last syllable.

Examples: (1st pronunciation: Iberian; 2nd pronunciation: Latin America; when there is only one, it's shared)

círculo (THEER-koo-loh/SEER-koo-loh) → circle

circulo (theer-KOO-loh/seer-KOO-loh) → I circulate

circuló (theer-koo-LOH/seer-koo-LOH) → he/she/it circulated

estás (ehs-TAHS) → you are

estas (EHS-tahs) → these

origen (oh-REE-hehn) → origin

orígenes (oh-REE-hehn-ehs) → origins

ciudad (thee-yoo-DAHD/see-yoo-DAHD) → city

ciudades (thee-you-DAH-dehs/see-yoo-DAH-dehs) → cities

An accent can also be used to differentiate between words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings:

él (he) el (the)

té (tea) te (you [object])

tú (you [subject]) tu (your)

mí (me) mi (my)

dé (give [present subjunctive]) de (of/from)

sí (yes) si (if)

sé (I know) se (one [pronoun])

más (more/plus) mas (but)

Phrase list

The pronunciation guides below approximate one Latin American accent. As mentioned above, the most salient difference in Castilian Spanish is that z, as well as c before i and e, is pronounced like the 'th' in "think" instead of the 's' in "sink". Good pronunciation cannot be represented by letters of the alphabet. If you pronounce these phrases as shown here, your amused listeners will probably understand you, but after listening to their pronunciation for a while, you can ignore what we have suggested here.

Basics

Common signs OPEN  Abierto (ah-bee-AIR-toh) CLOSED  Cerrado (sehr-RAH-doh) ENTRANCE  Entrada (ehn-TRAH-dah) EXIT  Salida (sah-LEE-dah) PUSH  Empuje (ehm-POO-heh) PULL  Tire/Jale (TEE-reh/HAH-leh) TOILET  Servicios (sehr-BEE-see-yohs), also S.H. or S.S.H.H. for Servicios Higiénicos MEN  Hombres (OHM-brays) / Caballeros (kah-bah-YEH-rohs) WOMEN  Mujeres (moo-HEH-rehs) / Damas (DAH-mahs) / Señoras (seh-NYOH-rahs) DON'T SMOKE  No fumar/fume (noh foo-MAHR/FOO-meh) FORBIDDEN  Prohibido (pro-ee-BEE-doh)

Hello/Hi (informal)

Hola (OH-lah)

Have a good day 

Que pase (formal)/pases (informal) un buen día (keh PAH-seh/PAH-sehs un BWEHN DEE-ah)

How are you? (informal)

¿Cómo estás? (KOH-moh ehs-TAHS?)

How are you? (informal)

¿Qué tal? (kay TAL)

How are you? (formal)

¿Cómo está usted? (KOH-moh ehs-TAH oos-TEHD?)

Fine, thank you

Muy bien, gracias. (MOO-ee byehn, GRAH-syahs)

What is your name? (informal)

¿Cómo te llamas? (KOH-moh TAY YAH-mahs?)

What is your name? (formal)

¿Cómo se llama usted? (KOH-moh SAY YAH-mah oos-TEHD?)

Who are you? (informal)

¿Quién eres? (KYEN EH-rehs?)

Who are you? (formal)

¿Quién es usted? (KYEN ehs oos-TEHD?)

My name is ______

Me llamo ______ (MEH YAH-moh _____ )

I am ______ (some permanent or semi-permanent quality, e.g. nationality, gender, or occupation)

(Yo) soy ______ (YOH SOY ______)

I am ______ (some transient quality, e.g. mood, location, or orientation)

(Yo) estoy ______ (YOH eh-STOY ______)

Nice to meet you

Encantado/a (ehn-kahn-TAH-doh/ehn-kahn-TAH-dah)

It's a pleasure to meet you

Mucho gusto. (MOO-choh GOOS-toh)

I'd like to introduce you to.... 

Me gustaría presentarle a.... (meh goos-tah-REE-ah preh-sehn-TAHR-leh ah)

How old are you? (formal)

¿Cuántos años tiene usted? (KWAHN-tohs AH-nyohs TYEH-neh oos-TEHD)

I'm....years old. 

Tengo....años. (TEHN-goh....AH-nyohs)

Please

(Por) favor (POHR fah-BOHR)

Thank you

Gracias (GRAH-syahs)

You're welcome

De nada (DEH NAH-dah)

Yes

Sí (SEE)

No

No (NOH)

Excuse me (getting attention)

Disculpe (dees-KOOL-peh)

Excuse me (begging pardon)

Perdone (pehr-DOHN-eh)

Excuse me (may I get by?)

Permiso (pehr-MEE-so)

I'm sorry

Lo siento (LOH SYEHN-toh)

Goodbye

Adiós (ah-DYOHS) / Hasta luego (AHS-tah LWEH-goh)

I speak a little Spanish. 

Hablo un poco español. (ah-BLOH oon POH-koh ehs-pah-NYOHL)

I can't speak Spanish (well)

No hablo (bien) español (noh AH-bloh (byehn) ehs-pah-NYOL)

Do you speak English? (informal)

¿Hablas inglés? (AH-blahs een-GLEHS?)

Do you speak English? (formal)

¿Habla usted inglés? (AH-blah oos-TEHD een-GLEHS?)

Is there someone here who speaks English? 

¿Hay alguien que hable inglés? (ai ahl-GYEHN keh AH-bleh een-GLEHS?)

Help!

¡Ayuda! (ah-YOO-dah!) / ¡Socorro! (soh-KOHR-roh!)

Good morning

Buenos días (BWEH-nohs DEE-ahs)

Good afternoon / Good evening

Buenas tardes (BWEH-nahs TAR-dehs)

Good evening / Good night

Buenas noches (BWEH-nahs NOH-chehs)

Mrs. 

Señora. (seh-NYOH-rah)

Mr./Sir. 

Señor. (seh-NYOHR)

Miss. 

Señorita. (seh-nyoh-REE-tah)

I understand. 

Entiendo. (ehn-TYEHN-doh)

I don't understand

No entiendo (NOH ehn-TYEHN-doh)

Could you speak more slowly please? 

¿Podría usted hablar más despacio por favor? (poh-DREE-ah oos-TEHD ah-BLAHR MAHS dehs-PAH-syoh pohr fah-BOHR?)

Could you repeat that please? 

¿Podría usted repetirlo por favor? (poh-DREE-ah oos-TEHD reh-peh-TEER-loh pohr fah-BOHR?)

How do you say _____ in Spanish / in English? 

¿Cómo se dice _____ en español / en inglés? (CO-mo se DEE-seh _____ en ehs-pah-NYOHL / en een-GLEHS?

Where is the toilet?

¿Dónde está el baño? (DOHN-deh ehss-TAH EHL BAH-nyoh?) / In Spain: ¿Dónde están los aseos? (DOHN-deh ehs-TAHN lohs ah-SEH-ohs)

Problems

Leave me alone. 

Déjame en paz. (DEH-hah-meh ehn PAHS)

Don't touch me! 

¡No me toques! (noh meh TOH-kehs!)

I'll call the police. 

Llamaré a la policía. (yah-mah-REH ah lah poh-lee-SEE-ah)

Police! 

¡Policía! (poh-lee-SEE-ah!)

Stop! Thief! 

¡Alto, ladrón! (AHL-toh, lah-DROHN!)

I need help. 

Necesito ayuda. (neh-seh-SEE-toh ah-YOO-dah)

It's an emergency. 

Es una emergencia. (ehs OO-nah eh-mehr-HEHN-syah)

I'm lost. 

Estoy perdido/a (ehs-TOY pehr-DEE-doh/dah)

I lost my purse/handbag. 

Perdí mi bolsa/bolso/cartera. (pehr-DEE mee BOHL-sah / BOHL-soh / kahr-TEH-rah)

I lost my wallet. 

Perdí la cartera/billetera. (pehr-DEE lah kahr-TEH-rah / bee-yeh-TEH-rah)

I'm sick. 

Estoy enfermo/a. (ehs-TOY ehn-FEHR-moh/mah)

I've been injured. 

Estoy herido/a. (ehs-TOY heh-REE-doh/dah)

I need a doctor. 

Necesito un médico. (neh-seh-SEE-toh OON MEH-dee-coh)

Can I use your phone? 

¿Puedo usar su teléfono? (PWEH-doh oo-SAHR soo teh-LEH-foh-noh?)

Can I borrow your cell phone/mobile phone? 

¿Me presta su celular/móvil? (meh PREHS-tah soo seh-loo-LAHR / MOH-beel?) ("celular" predominates in the Americas; "móvil" in Spain and Africa)

I need to call the embassy. 

Necesito llamar a la embajada (neh-seh-SEE-toh yah-MAHR ah lah em-bah-HAH-dah)

Numbers

In general, the Spanish numbering system is fairly straightforward. For numbers from 21–29, the "e" from "veinte" is substituted with an "i", and the ordinal number is added to the back. For numbers from 31–99, the tens and ones are separated by "y" (eg. 31: treinta y uno; 99: noventa y nueve). The "y" is not used to separate the hundreds from the tens, or the thousands from the hundreds. From 200 onwards, the hundreds are named by using the ordinal number + cientos (eg: 200: doscientos), but the numbers 500, 700 and 900 are exceptions to this rule and must be memorised. Naming of the thousands is straightforward, with ordinal number + mil. From the millions onwards, the plural for is used for numbers above 1,000,000. Also, unlike English, Spanish uses the long scale. Therefore, un billón and un trillón is not the same as the English "one billion" and "one trillion".

Counting in "hundreds" is unheard of for numbers larger than 1 000. This is also true for years. Instead of "nineteen hundred fifty three" a Spanish speaker would say "mil novecientos cincuenta y tres".

0 

cero (SEH-roh)

1 

uno (OO-noh)

2 

dos (dohs)

3 

tres (trehs)

4 

cuatro (KWAH-troh)

5 

cinco (SEEN-koh)

6 

seis (SEH-ees)

7 

siete (see-EH-teh)

8 

ocho (OH-choh)

9 

nueve (noo-EH-beh)

10 

diez (dee-EHS)

11 

once (OHN-seh)

12 

doce (DOH-seh)

13 

trece (TREH-seh)

14 

catorce (kah-TOHR-seh)

15 

quince (KEEN-seh)

16 

dieciséis (dee-EH-see-SEH-ees)

17 

diecisiete (dee-EH-see-see-EH-teh)

18 

dieciocho (dee-EH-see-OH-choh)

19 

diecinueve (dee-EH-see-NOO-EH-beh)

20 

veinte (VAIN-teh)

21 

veintiuno (VAIN-tee-OO-noh)

22 

veintidós (VAIN-tee-DOHS)

23 

veintitrés (VAIN-tee-TREHS)

30 

treinta (TRAIN-tah)

31 

treinta y uno

32 

treinta y dos

40 

cuarenta (kwah-REHN-tah)

50 

cincuenta (seen-KWEHN-tah)

60 

sesenta (seh-SEHN-tah)

70 

setenta (seh-TEHN-tah)

80 

ochenta (oh-CHEHN-tah)

90 

noventa (noh-BEHN-tah)

100 

cien (see-EHN)

101 

ciento uno

102 

ciento dos

200 

doscientos (dohs-see-EHN-tohs)

201 

doscientos uno

202 

doscientos dos

300 

trescientos (trehs-see-EHN-tohs)

500 

quinientos (kee-nee-EHN-tohs)

700 

setecientos

900 

novecientos

1,000 

mil (MEEL)

1,001 

mil uno

1,002 

mil dos

2,000 

dos mil (dohs MEEL)

3,000 

tres mil

1,000,000 

un millón (oon mee-YOHN)

2,000,000 

dos millones

1,000,000,000 

mil millones (meel mee-YOH-nehs)

1,000,000,000,000 

un billón (oon bee-YOHN)

number _____ (train, bus, etc.) 

número_____ (NOO-meh-roh)

half 

medio (MEH-dyoh)

less 

menos (MEH-nohs)

more 

más (MAHS)

Time

now 

ahora (ah-OH-rah)

later 

después (dehs-PWEHS)

before 

antes (AHN-tehs)

morning 

mañana (mah-NYAH-nah)

afternoon 

tarde (TAHR-deh)

night 

noche (NOH-cheh)

Clock time

one o'clock AM 

la una de la madrugada; la una de la mañana (lah OOH-nah deh lah mah-droo-GAH-dah; lah OOH-nah deh lah mah-NYAH-nah)

two o'clock AM 

las dos de la madrugada; las dos de la mañana (lahs DOHS deh lah mah-droo-GAH-dah; lahss DOHS deh lah mah-NYAH-nah)

ten o'clock AM 

las diez de la mañana (lahs dee-EHS deh lah mah-NYAH-nah)

noon 

mediodía; las doce de la mañana (meh-dee-oh-DEE-ah; lahs DOH-seh deh lah mah-NYAH-nah)

one o'clock PM 

la una de la tarde (lah OOH-nah deh lah TAHR-deh)

two o'clock PM 

las dos de la tarde (lahs DOHS deh lah TAHR-deh)

ten o'clock PM 

las diez de la noche (lahs dee-EHS deh lah NOH-cheh)

midnight 

medianoche; las doce de la noche (meh-dee-yah-NOH-cheh; lahs DOH-seh deh lah NOH-cheh)

Writing time

When speaking, times are given in AM/PM form (but saying de la mañana (morning), de la tarde (afternoon), de la noche (evening/night) or de la madrugada (late night) to distinguish between AM and PM. Rarely do Spanish speakers use the 24-hour system in conversation. On the other hand, in most countries, times are rendered in 24-hour format (as in Britain), with a colon separating hours and minutes:

9 o'clock AM 

nueve de la mañana (spoken: NWEH-beh deh la mah-NYAH-nah), 9:00 (written)

12 & 30 PM 

doce y media de la mañana (spoken: DOH-seh ee MEH-dee-ah deh la mah-NYAH-nah), 12:30 (written)

1 o'clock PM 

una de la tarde (spoken: OOH-nah deh lah TAHR-deh), 13:00 (written)

10 o'clock PM 

diez de la noche (spoken: dee-EHS deh la NOH-cheh), 22:00 (written)

2 o'clock AM 

dos de la madrugada or dos de la mañana (spoken: DOHS deh la mah-droo-GAH-dah or DOHS deh la mah-NYAH-nah), 2:00 (written)

Duration

_____ minute(s) 

_____ minuto(s) (mee-NOO-toh(s))

_____ hour(s) 

_____ hora(s) (OH-rah(s))

_____ day(s) 

_____ día(s) (DEE-ah(s))

_____ week(s) 

_____ semana(s) (seh-MAH-nah(s))

_____ month(s) 

_____ mes(es) (MEHS-(ehs))

_____ year(s) 

_____ año(s) (AH-nyoh(s))

Seasons

winter 

invierno (een-BYEHR-noh)

spring 

primavera (pree-mah-BEH-rah)

summer 

verano (beh-RAH-noh)

autumn 

otoño (oh-TOH-nyoh)

Days

today 

hoy (oy)

yesterday 

ayer (ah-YEHR)

tomorrow 

mañana (mah-NYAH-nah)

this week 

esta semana (EHS-tah seh-MAH-nah)

last week 

la semana pasada (lah seh-MAH-nah pah-SAH-dah)

next week 

la semana que viene (lah seh-MAH-nah keh BYEH-neh)

Note: The days of the week are not capitalized.

Sunday 

domingo (doh-MEEN-goh)

Monday 

lunes (LOO-nehs)

Tuesday 

martes (MAHR-tehs)

Wednesday 

miércoles (MYEHR-koh-lehs)

Thursday 

jueves (HWEH-vehs)

Friday 

viernes (VYEHR-nehs)

Saturday 

sábado (SAH-bah-doh)

Months

Note: All the months in Spanish are written in lower case letters.

January 

enero (eh-NEH-roh)

February 

febrero (feh-BREH-roh)

March 

marzo (MAR-soh)

April 

abril (ah-BREEL)

May 

mayo (MAH-yoh)

June 

junio (HOO-nyoh)

July 

julio (HOO-lyoh)

August 

agosto (ah-GOHS-toh)

September 

septiembre (sehp-TYEHM-breh)

October 

octubre (ohk-TOO-breh)

November 

noviembre (noh-VYEHM-breh)

December 

diciembre (dee-SYEHM-breh)

Writing time and date

The 24-hour clock is generally used. So you'll find train and other public schedules in the 24 hour clock form eg. 13:00am/pm. When telling time in Spanish, it is expressed by Es la for 1:00 only. And Son las for 2:00, 3:00, 4:00 and so on.

Dates are given in day-month-year form. All spoken and written, long and short forms follow this pattern:

7 May 2003 

7 de mayo de 2003

23 October 1997 

23 de octubre de 1997

Unlike in English numbers of years are always pronounced as normal numbers (i.e. in thousands, not hundreds) thus it is "mil novecientos noventa y dos" not "diecinuevecientos noventa y dos" as the literal translation from English would suggest. Counting in hundreds in general is not used once numbers get to 1000.

Day–month constructions (4 de julio, for example) are not usually abbreviated. In the rare cases that an abbreviation is used, the number of the month is not used, but its initial letter is. Usual examples are:

23-F 

23 de febrero, date of a failed coup d'état in Spain (1981)

11-S 

11 de septiembre, date of the attack to the Twin Towers (2001) (and of the Chilean coup in 1973).

Colors

black 

negro (NEH-groh)

white 

blanco (BLAHN-koh)

gray 

gris (GREES)

red 

rojo (ROH-hoh)

blue 

azul (ah-SOOL)

yellow 

amarillo (ah-mah-REE-yoh)

green 

verde (BEHR-deh)

orange 

naranja (nah-RAHN-hah), anaranjado (ah-nah-rahn-HA-doh)

purple 

púrpura (POOR-poo-rah) , morado (moh-RAH-doh), violeta (vee-oh-LEH-tah)

pink 

rosa (ROH-sah)

brown 

marrón (mahr-ROHN) (used to describe color of objects) , café (kah-FEH) (used mostly for skin color, clothing and fabric), castaño (kahs-TAH-nyoh) (is used primarily for skin color, eye color and hair color).

Transportation

Common signs STOP  PARE, ALTO, STOP (PAH-reh, AHL-toh, stohp) NO PARKING  NO APARCAR / ESTACIONAR (noh ah-pahr-KAHR/ ehs-tah-syoh-NAR) PARKING  APARCAMIENTO / ESTACIONAMIENTO (ah-pahr-kah-MYEHN-toh/ ehs-tah-syoh-nah-MYEHN-toh) NO ENTRANCE  PROHIBIDO EL PASO (pro-ee-BEE-doh el PAHS-oh) GIVE WAY/YIELD  CEDA EL PASO (SEH-dah el PAHS-oh) SLOW  DESPACIO (dehs-PAH-syoh) DIVERSION/DETOUR  DESVÍO (dehs-BEE-oh) ONE WAY  SENTIDO ÚNICO (sehn-TEE-doh OO-nee-koh) DEAD END  SIN SALIDA (seen sah-LEE-dah) DANGER  PELIGRO (peh-LEE-groh) CAUTION/ATTENION  ¡PRECAUCIÓN!/¡ATENCIÓN! (pray-caw-SYON/ah-ten-SYON)

car 

carro (KAHR-roh), coche (KOH-cheh), auto (OW-toh) (coche is the most common in Spain)

taxi 

taxi (TAHK-see)

bus 

autobús (ow-toh-BOOS), guagua (GWAH-gwah) (regional, Caribbean only)

van 

furgoneta (foor-goh-NEH-tah), combi (KOHM-bee)

truck/lorry 

camión (kah-MYOHN)

aeroplane/airline 

avión (ah-BYOHN), aeroplano (ah-eh-roh-PLAH-noh)

helicopter 

helicóptero (eh-lee-KOHP-teh-roh)

train 

tren (trehn)

subway/underground/metro 

metro (MEH-troh)

tram/streetcar 

tranvía (trahn-BEE-ah)

light rail 

tren ligero (or a locally used term that applies only to the system at hand)

trolley-bus 

trole (TROH-leh), trolebús (troh-leh-BOOS)

boat 

bote (BOH-teh)

ship 

barco (BAHR-koh)

ferry 

transbordador (trahns-bohr-dah-DOHR), "barco" or "ferry" is also used, especially in Latin America

bicycle 

bicicleta (bee-see-KLEH-tah), bici (short form, slightly informal)

motorcycle 

motocicleta (moh-toh-see-KLEH-tah), moto (short form, slightly informal)

Bus and train

How much is a ticket to _____? 

¿Cuánto cuesta un billete (Spain) / pasaje (South America) / boleto (Mexico and Central America) a _____? (KWAHN-toh KWEHS-tah oon bee-YEH-teh/pah-SAH-heh/boe-LEH-toh ___)

One ticket to _____, please. 

Un billete a _____, por favor. (oon bee-YEH-teh ah _______, pohr fah-BOHR.)

...one-way ticket... 

...billete de ida... (bee-YEH-te deh EED-ah)

...round-trip ticket... 

...billete de ida y vuelta... (bee-YEH-te deh EED-ah ee VWEL-tah)

Where does this train/bus go? 

¿Adónde va este tren/autobús? (ah DOHN-deh bah EHS-teh trehn/ ow-toh-BOOS?)

Where is the train/bus to _____? 

¿Dónde está el tren/autobús hacia _____? (DOHN-deh ehs-TAH ehl trehn/ ow-toh-BOOS ah-syah_____?)

Does this train/bus stop in _____? 

¿Se para este tren/autobús en _____? (seh PAH-rah EHS-teh trehn/ow-toh-BOOS ehn___?)

When does the train/bus for _____ leave? 

¿Cuándo sale el tren/autobús para _____? (KWAHN-doh SAH-leh ehl trehn/ow-toh-BOOS PAH-rah ____?)

When will this train/bus arrive in _____? 

¿Cuándo llegará este tren/autobús a _____? (KWAHN-doh yeh-gah-RAH EHS-teh trehn/ow-toh-BOOS ah____?)

How do I get _____ ? 

¿Cómo puedo llegar _____ ? (KOH-moh PWEH-doh yeh-GAHR ____?)

...to the train station? 

...a la estación de tren? (....ah lah ehs-tah-SYOHN deh trehn?)

...to the bus station? 

...la estación de autobuses? (....ah lah ehs-tah-SYOHN deh ow-toh-BOO-sehs?)

...to the airport? 

...al aeropuerto? (ahl ah-eh-roh-PWEHR-toh?)

...downtown? 

...al centro? (ahl SEHN-troh?)

...to the youth hostel? 

...al hostal? (ahl ohs-TAHL), Argentina and Uruguay: ...al hostel (ahl HOHS-tehl)

...to the _____ hotel? 

...al hotel _____ ? (ahl oh-TEHL?)

...to the American/Canadian/Australian/British consulate? 

...al consulado de Estados Unidos/ canadiense/australiano/británico? (ahl kohn-soo-LAH-doh deh ehs-TAH-dohs oo-NEE-dohs/ kah-nah-DYEHN-seh/ ows-trah-LYAH-noh/ bree-TAH-nee-koh)

Where are there a lot of... 

¿Dónde hay muchos... (DOHN-deh eye MOO-chohs)

...hotels? 

...hoteles? (oh-TEH-lehs)

...restaurants? 

...restaurantes? (rehs-tow-RAHN-tehs)

...bars? 

...bares? (BAH-rehs)

...sites to see? 

...sitios para visitar? (SEE-tyohs PAH-rah bee-see-TAHR)

Can you show me on the map? 

¿Puede enseñarme/mostrarme en el mapa? (PWEH-deh ehn-seh-NYAHR-meh/mohs-TRAHR-meh ehn ehl MAH-pah?)

street 

calle (KAH-yeh)

Turn left. 

Gire/doble/da vuelta a la izquierda. (HEE-reh/DOH-bleh/dah VWEHL-tah ah lah ees-KYEHR-dah)

Turn right. 

Gire/doble/da vuelta a la derecha. (HEE-reh/DOH-bleh/dah VWEHL-tah ah lah deh-REH-chah)

left 

izquierda (ees-KYEHR-dah)

right 

derecha (deh-REH-chah)

straight ahead 

todo recto (TOH-doh REHK-toh) , siga derecho (SEE-gah deh-REH-choh)

towards the _____ 

hacia el/la_____ (HAH-syah ehl/lah)

past the _____ 

pasado el/la _____ (pah-SAH-doh ehl/lah)

before the _____ 

antes de _____ (AHN-tehs deh)

Watch for the _____. 

busque el/la _____. (BOOS-keh ehl/lah)

junction/crossroads/intersection 

intersección , cruce (een-tehr-sehk-SYOHN, KROO-seh)

north 

norte (NOHR-teh)

south 

sur (soor)

east 

este (EHS-teh)

west 

oeste (ooh-EHS-teh)

uphill 

hacia arriba (AH-syah ahr-REE-bah)

downhill 

hacia abajo (AH-syah ah-BAH-hoh)

Taxi

Taxi! 

¡Taxi! (TAHK-see)

Take me to _____, please. 

Lléveme a _____, por favor. (YEH-beh-meh ah)

How much does it cost to get to _____? 

¿Cuanto cuesta ir hasta/a _____? (KWAHN-toh KWEHS-tah eer AHS-tah/ah)

Leave me there, please. 

Déjeme ahí, por favor. (DEH-heh-meh ah-EE, pohr FAH-bohr)

At the airport

Where is customs? 

¿Dónde está aduanas? (DOHN-theh ehs-TAH ah-DWAH-nahs)

Where is passport control? 

¿Dónde está el control de pasaportes? (DOHN-theh ehs-TAH ehl kohn-TROHL deh pah-sah-POHR-tehs)

Do you have anything to declare? 

¿Tiene algo para declarar? (TYEH-neh AHL-goh PAH-rah deh-klah-RAHR)

I have nothing to declare. 

No tengo nada para declarar. (NOH TEHN-goh NAH-dah PAH-rah deh-klah-RAHR)

I have something to declare. 

Tengo algo para declarar. (TEHN-goh AHL-goh PAH-rah deh-klah-RAHR)

Where is the baggage claim area? 

¿Dónde está el área para el reclamo de equipaje? (DOHN-theh ehs-TAH ehl AH-reh-ah PAH-rah ehl reh-KLAH-moh deh eh-kee-PAH-kheh)

Where are the international departures? 

¿Dónde están las salidas internacionales? (DOHN-theh ehs-TAHN lahs sah-LEE-dahs een-tehr-nah-syoh-NAH-lehs)

Where are the arrivals? 

¿Dónde están las llegadas? (DOHN-theh ehs-TAHN lahs yeh-GAH-dahs)

Where is gate____? 

¿Dónde está la puerta____? (DOHN-deh ehs-TAH lah PWEHR-tah....)

Where is the information center? 

¿Dónde está el centro de información? (DOHN-deh ehs-TAH ehl SEHN-troh deh een-fohr-mah-SYOHN)

Lodging

Do you have any rooms available? 

¿Hay habitaciones libres? (ai ah-bee-tah-SYOH-nehs LI-brehs?)

How much does a room cost for one person/two people? 

¿Cuanto cuesta una habitación para una persona/para dos personas? (KWAHN-toh KWEHS-tah OO-nah ah-bee-tah-SYOHN PAH-rah OO-nah pehr-SOH-nah/PAH-rah dohs pehr-SOH-nahs?)

Does the room come with...? 

¿La habitación viene con....? (lah ah-bee-tah-SYOHN BYEH-neh kohn?)

...bedsheets? 

...sábanas? (SAH-bah-nahs?)

...a bathroom? 

...un baño? (oon BAH-nyoh?)

...a telephone? 

...un teléfono? (oon teh-LEH-foh-noh?)

...a TV? 

...un televisor? (oon teh-leh-vee-SOHR?)

...with Internet access? 

...con acceso al internet? (kohn ahk-SEH-soh ahl een-terh-NEHT?)

...with room service? 

...con servicio a la habitación? (kohn sehr-BEE-syoh ah lah ah-bee-tah-SYOHN?)

...a double bed? 

...una cama de matrimonio? (OO-nah KAH-mah mah-tree-MOH-nyoh?) (literally "marriage bed")

...a single bed? 

...una cama sola? (OO-nah KAH-mah SOH-lah?)

May I see the room first? 

¿Puedo ver la habitación primero? (PWEH-doh vehr lah ah-bee-tah-SYOHN pree-MEH-roh?)

Do you have anything quieter? 

¿Tiene algo más tranquilo? (TYEH-neh AHL-goh MAHS trahn-KEE-loh?)

...bigger? 

...más grande? (MAHS GRAHN-deh)

...cleaner? 

...más limpio? (MAHS LEEM-pyoh)

...cheaper? 

...más barato? (MAHS bah-RAH-toh)

OK, I'll take it. 

Muy bien, la tomaré. (MOO-ee byehn, lah toh-mah-REH)

I will stay for _____ night(s). 

Me quedaré ______ noche(s). (meh keh-dah-REH ___ NOH-cheh(s))

Can you suggest other hotels? 

¿Puede recomendarme otros hoteles? (PWEH-deh reh-koh-mehn-DAHR-meh OH-trohs oh-TEH-lehs?)

Do you have a safe? 

¿Hay caja fuerte? (eye KAH-hah FWEHR-teh?)

...lockers? 

...taquillas?/casilleros?/guardaropas?(tah-KEE-yahs/kah-see-YEH-rohs?/gwah-rdah-ROH-pahs)

Is breakfast/supper included? 

¿El desayuno/la cena va incluido/a? (ehl deh-sah-YOO-noh/lah SEH-nah bah een-kloo-WEE-doh/ah?)

What time is breakfast/supper? 

¿A qué hora es el desayuno/la cena? (ah KEH OH-rah ehs ehl deh-sah-YOO-noh/lah SEH-nah?)

Please clean my room. 

Por favor, limpie mi habitación. (pohr fah-BOHR, LEEM-pyeh mee ah-bee-tah-SYOHN)

Can you wake me at _____? 

¿Puede despertarme a las _____? (PWEH-deh dehs-pehr-TAHR-meh ah lahs)

I want to check out. 

Quiero dejar el hotel. (KYEH-roh deh-HAHR ehl oh-TEHL)

Money

Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars? 

¿Aceptan dólares estadounidenses/australianos/canadienses? (ah-SEHP-tahn DOH-lah-rehs ehs-tah-dow-oo-nee-DEHN-sehs/ows-trah-LYAH-nohs/kah-nah-DYEHN-sehs?)

Do you accept British pounds? 

¿Aceptan libras esterlinas británicas? (ah-SEHP-tahn LEE-brahs ehs-tehr-LEE-nahs bree-TAH-nee-kahs?)

Do you accept euros? 

¿Aceptan euros? (ah-SEHP-tahn eh-OO-rohs?)

Do you accept credit cards? 

¿Aceptan tarjeta de crédito? (ah-SEHP-tahn tahr-HEH-tah deh KREH-dee-toh?)

Can you change money for me? 

¿Me puede cambiar dinero? (meh PWEH-deh kahm-BYAHR dee-NEH-roh?)

Where can I get money changed? 

¿Dónde puedo cambiar dinero? (DOHN-deh PWEH-doh kahm-BYAHR dee-NEH-roh?)

Can you change a traveler's check for me? 

¿Me puede cambiar cheques de viaje? (meh PWEH-deh kahm-BYAHR CHEH-kehs deh BYAH-heh?)

Where can I get a traveler's check changed? 

¿Dónde me pueden cambiar cheques de viaje? (DOHN-deh meh PWEH-dehn kahm-BYAHR CHEH-kehs deh BYAH-heh?)

What is the exchange rate? 

¿A cuánto está el cambio? (ah KWAHN-toh ehs-TAH ehl KAHM-byoh?)

Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)? 

¿Dónde hay un cajero automático? (DOHN-deh eye oon kah-HEH-roh ow-toh-MAH-tee-koh?)

I need small change. 

Necesito cambio pequeño. (neh-seh-SEE-toh KAHM-byoh peh-KEH-nyoh)

I need big bills. 

Necesito billetes grandes. (neh-seh-SEE-toh bee-YEH-tehs GRAHN-dehs)

I need coins 

Necesito monedas. (neh-seh-SEE-toh moh-NEH-dahs)

Eating

plate 

plato (PLAH-toh)

bowl 

tazón/cuenco (tah-SOHN/KWEHN-koh)

spoon 

cuchara (koo-CHAH-rah)

fork 

tenedor (teh-neh-DOHR)

drinking glass 

vaso/copa (BAH-soh/KOH-pah)

knife 

cuchillo (koo-CHEE-yoh)

cup/mug 

taza (TAH-sah)

saucer 

platillo (plah-TEE-yoh)

napkin/serviette 

servilleta (sehr-bee-YEH-tah)

A table for one person/two people, please. 

Una mesa para una persona/dos personas, por favor. (OO-nah MEH-sah pah-rah OO-nah pehr-SOH-nah / dohs pehr-SOH-nahs pohr fah-BOHR)

Can I look at the menu, please? 

Latin America: ¿Puedo ver el menú, por favor? (PWEH-doh behr ehl meh-NOO pohr fah-BOHR?); Spain: ¿Puedo mirar la carta, por favor? (PWEH-doh mee-RAHR lah KAHR-tah, pohr fah-BOHR)

Can I look in the kitchen? 

¿Puedo entrar a la cocina? (PWEH-doh ehn-TRAHR ah lah koh-SEE-nah?)

Is there a house specialty? 

¿Hay alguna especialidad de la casa? (ay ahl-GOO-nah ehs-peh-syah-lee-DAHD deh lah KAH-sah?)

Is there a local specialty? 

¿Hay alguna especialidad regional/de la zona? (ay ahl-GOO-nah ehs-peh-syah-lee-DAHD reh-hyoh-NAHL/deh lah SOH-nah?)

I'm a vegetarian. 

Soy vegetariano/-na. (soy beh-heh-tah-RYAH-noh/-nah)

I don't eat pork. 

No como cerdo. (noh KOH-moh SEHR-doh)

I don't eat beef. 

No como carne de vaca. (noh KOH-moh KAHR-neh deh BAH-kah)

I only eat kosher food. 

Sólo como comida kosher. (SOH-loh KOH-moh koh-MEE-dah koh-SHEHR) (May not be understood, since "kosher" is as Spanish as "empanada" is English.)

Can you make it "lite", please? (less oil/butter/lard) 

¿Puede poner poco aceite/poca mantequilla/poca grasa/manteca? (PWEH-deh poh-NEHR POH-koh ah-SAY-teh/POH-kah mahn-teh-KEE-yah/POH-kah GRAH-sah/mahn-TEH-kah?)

fixed-price meal 

comida precio fijo (koh-MEE-dah preh-see-oh fee-ho)

à la carte 

a la carta (ah lah KAHR-tah)

breakfast 

desayuno (deh-sah-YOO-noh)

lunch 

comida (koh-MEE-dah) (Spain, Mexico), almuerzo (ahl-MWEHR-soh) (South America)

dinner or supper 

cena (SEH-nah) (everywhere)

snack 

bocado (boh-KAH-doh)

I want _____. 

Quiero _____. (KYEH-roh)

I want a dish containing _____. 

Quisiera un plato que lleve _____. (kee-SYEH-rah oon PLAH-toh keh YEH-beh)

chicken 

pollo. (POH-yoh)

beef 

ternera (tehr-NEH-rah), vacuno (bah-KOO-noh), res (rehss), carne de vaca (KAHR-neh deh BAH-kah)

fish 

pescado (pehs-KAH-doh)

ham 

jamón (hah-MOHN)

sausage 

salchicha (sahl-CHEE-chah), vienesa (byeh-NEH-sah), Spain: embutido (ehm-boo-TEE-doh)

cheese 

queso (KEH-soh)

eggs 

huevos (WEH-bohs)

salad 

ensalada (ehn-sah-LAH-dah)

(fresh) vegetables 

verduras (frescas) (behr-DOO-rahs (FREHS-kahs)), Spain: vegetales (frescos) (beh-kheh-TAH-lehs (FREHS-kohs))

(fresh) fruit 

fruta (fresca) (FROO-tah (FREHS-kah))

bread 

pan (pahn)

toast 

tostada (tohs-TAH-dah)

noodles 

fideos/tallarines (fee-DEH-ohs/tah-yah-REE-nehs)

rice 

arroz (ahr-ROHS)

beans 

frijoles (free-HOH-lehs), habichuelas (ah-bee-CHWEH-lahs), Spain: fabas/judías (FAH-bahs/khoo-DEE-ahs)

May I have a glass of _____? 

¿Me puede poner/traer un vaso de _____? (meh PWEH-deh poh-NEHR/trah-EHR oon BAH-soh deh?)

May I have a cup of _____? 

¿Me puede poner/traer una taza de _____? (meh PWEH-deh poh-NEHR/trah-EHR oo-nah TAH-sah deh?)

May I have a bottle of _____? 

¿Me puede poner/traer una botella de _____? (meh PWEH-deh poh-NEHR/trah-EHR oo-nah boh-TEH-yah deh?)

coffee 

café (kah-FEH)

tea (drink) 

té (TEH)

juice 

jugo (HOO-goh) (South America), zumo (THOO-moh) (Spain)

water 

agua (AH-gwah); for non-carbonated water you may need to specify: agua sin gas (AH-gwah SEEN GAHS)

(bubbly) water 

agua gaseosa (AH-gwah gah-say-OH-sah), agua con gas (AH-gwah kohn GAHS), or soda (SOH-dah) (if you say agua, if you ask at the bar, it will be tap water (for free), at the table it is normally bottled); Agua mineral (AH-gwah mee-neh-RAHL) is bottled mineral water.

beer 

cerveza (sehr-VAY-sah)

red/white wine 

vino tinto/blanco (BEE-noh TEEN-toh/BLAHN-koh)

May I have some _____? 

¿Me puede dar un poco de _____? (meh PWEH-deh dahr oon POH-koh deh?)

salt 

sal (sahl)

black pepper 

pimienta (pee-MYEHN-tah)

butter 

mantequilla (mahn-teh-KEE-yah) , manteca (mahn-TEH-kah) (in Argentina)

Excuse me, waiter/waitress? (getting attention of server')

¡camarero/a! (kah-mah-REH-roh/ah) (Spain), ¡mesero/a! (meh-SEH-roh/-rah) (Latin America), ¡mozo/a! (MOH-soh/sah) (Argentina and Uruguay). In some places (e.g. Nicaragua) you may simply whistle or make a sssss ssssss sound to get the attention of a waitress/waiter

I'm finished. 

He acabado, terminé (heh ah-kah-BAH-doh, tehr-mee-NEH) (The first phrase can refer to the finishing of a completely unrelated physiological activity)

It was delicious. 

Estaba delicioso/muy bueno/muy rico. (Arg.) (ehs-TAH-bah deh-lee-SYOH-soh/MOO-ee BWEH-noh/MOO-ee REE-koh)

Please clear the plates. 

Puede llevarse los platos. (PWEH-deh yeh-BAHR-seh lohs PLAH-tohs)

The check, please. 

La cuenta, por favor. (lah KWEHN-tah, pohr fah-BOHR)

You must ask for the bill. A gringo was known to have waited until 2 in the morning because he was too shy to ask :).

Bars and clubs

bar 

barra (BAHR-rah)

tavern/pub 

taberna (tah-BEHR-nah)

club 

club (kloob)

Could we dance here? 

¿Podríamos bailar aquí? (poh-DREE-ah-mohs BAI-lahr ah-KEE?)

What time do you close? 

¿A qué hora usted cierra? (ah KEH OH-rah oos-TEHD SYEHR-rah?)

Do you serve alcohol? 

¿Sirve usted el alcohol? (SEER-beh oos-TEHD ehl ahl-koh-OHL?)

Is there table service? 

¿Hay servicio a la mesa? (eye sehr-BEE-syoh ah lah MEH-sah?)

A beer/two beers, please. 

Una cerveza/dos cervezas, por favor. (OO-nah sehr-BEH-sah/dohs sehr-BEH-sahs, pohr FAH-bohr)

A glass of red/white wine. 

Un vaso de vino tinto/blanco. (oon BAH-soh deh BEE-noh TEEN-toh/BLAHN-koh)

A pint (of beer) 

Una jarra de cerveza (normally it will be half a liter, not really a pint); In Chile or Argentina un schop might be anywhere from 300mL to one litre; in Spain the most common is una caña which is 200mL in a tube glass; you can also ask for un quinto (200mL bottle) or un tercio (330mL bottle)

A glass of draft beer 

Un schop (oon SHOHP) (Chile and Argentina) / Una cerveza de barril (OO-nah sehr-BEH-sah deh bahr-REEL) (Mexico); in Spain you can ask for Cerveza negra, not very common in spanish Bares, but easy to find in Pubs (Pub=small club where just drinks are served).

_____ (hard liquor) and _____ (mixer). 

_____ con _____. In Spain, Cubata is Coke with whiskey

A bottle. 

Una botella. (OO-nah boh-TEH-yah)

whiskey 

whisky (WEES-kee)

vodka 

vodka (BOHD-kah)

rum 

ron (rohn)

water 

agua (AH-gwah)

tonic water 

agua tónica (AH-gwah TOH-nee-kah)

orange juice 

Latin America: jugo de naranja (HOO-goh deh NAH-rahn-hah), Spain: zumo de naranja (THOO-moh theh nah-RAHN-khah)

Coke (soda) 

Coca-Cola (refresco) (KOH-kah-KOH-lah (reh-FREHS-koh))

Do you have any bar snacks? 

¿Tiene algo para picar? (TYEH-neh AHL-goh PAH-rah pee-KARH) (In Spain they will give you tapas (TAH-pahs), depends a lot on the bar.)

A toast! 

¡Un Brindi! (oon BREEN-dee)

One more, please. 

Otro/a ______, por favor. (OH-troh/ah pohr-FAH-bohr)

Another round, please. 

Otra ronda, por favor. (OH-trah ROHN-dah, pohr FAH-bohr)

Cheers! 

¡Salud! (sah-LOOD) (literally this means "health" and may also be said after someone sneezes. Occasionally, one might say ¡Salud, pesetas, y amor! [sah-LOOD, pay-SAY-tuhz, ee uh-MOR] or "health, wealth, and love".)

When is closing time? 

¿Cuándo cierran? (KWAHN-doh SYEHR-rahn)

Shopping

Do you have this in my size? 

¿Tiene esto de mi talla? (TYEH-neh EHS-toh deh mee TAH-yah?)

How much is this? 

¿Cuánto cuesta? (KWAHN-toh KWEHS-tah?)

That's too expensive. 

Es demasiado caro. (ehs deh-mah-SYAH-doh KAH-roh)

Would you take ...? 

¿Tomaría ...? (toh-mah-REE-ah)

expensive 

caro (KAH-roh)

cheap 

barato (bah-RAH-toh)

I can't afford it. 

Es muy caro para mí. (ehs MOO-ee KAH-roh PAH-rah mee)

I don't want it. 

No lo quiero. (noh loh KYEH-roh)

You're cheating me. 

Me está engañando. (meh ehs-TAH ehn-gah-NYAHN-doh)

I'm not interested. 

No me interesa. (noh meh een-teh-REH-sah)

OK, I'll take it. 

De acuerdo, me lo llevaré. (deh ah-KWEHR-doh, meh loh yeh-bah-REH)

Can I have a bag? 

¿Tiene una bolsa? (TYEH-neh OO-nah BOHL-sah)

Can you ship it to my country? 

¿Puede enviarlo a mi país? (PWEH-dah ehn-BYAHR-loh ah mee pah-EES?)

I need... 

Necesito... (neh-seh-SEE-toh)

...batteries. 

...pilas/baterías (PEE-lahs/bah-teh-REE-ahs)

...cold medicine. 

...medicamento para el resfriado. (meh-dee-kah-MEHN-toh PAH-rah ehl rehs-FRYAH-doh)

...condoms.

...preservativos/condones. (preh-sehr-bah-TEE-bohs/ kohn-DOH-nehs)

...English-language books. 

...libros en inglés. (LEE-brohs ehn een-GLEHS)

...English-language magazines. 

...revistas en inglés. (reh-VEES-tahs ehn een-GLEHS)

...an English-language newspaper. 

...un periódico/diario en inglés. (oon peh-RYOH-dee-koh/DYAH-ryoh ehn een-GLEHS)

...an English-Spanish dictionary. 

...un diccionario inglés-español. (oon deek-syoh-NAH-ryoh een-GLEHS-ehs-pah-NYOHL)

...pain reliever. (e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen) 

...analgésico (Aspirina, Ibuprofeno). (ah-nahl-HEH-see-koh (ahs-pee-REE-nah, ee-boo-proh-FEH-noh))

...a pen. 

...una pluma/ un bolígrafo. (OO-nah PLOO-mah/ oon boh-LEE-grah-foh)

...postage stamps. 

...sellos (SEH-yohs)(Spain)/estampillas (ehs-tahm-PEE-yahs)(Latin América).

...a postcard. 

...una postal. (OO-nah pohs-TALH)

...a razor. 

...una hoja/navaja de afeitar/rasuradora (machine) (OO-nah OH-hah/nah-BAH-hah deh ah-fay-TAHR/rah-soo-rah-DOH-rah)

...shampoo. 

...champú. (chahm-POO)

...stomach medicine. 

.... medicamento para el dolor de estómago (meh-dee-kah-MEHN-toh PAH-rah ehl doh-LOHR deh ehs-TOH-mah-goh)

...soap. 

...jabón. (hah-BOHN)

...sunblock lotion. 

...crema solar. (KREH-mah soh-LARH)

...tampons. 

...tampones. (tahm-POH-nehs)

...a toothbrush. 

... un cepillo de dientes. (oon seh-PEE-yoh deh DYEHN-tehs)

...toothpaste. 

...pasta de dientes. (PAHS-tah deh DYEHN-tehs)

...an umbrella. 

...un paraguas/una sombrilla (oon pah-RAH-gwahs/ OO-nah sohm-BREE-yah)

...writing paper. 

...papel para escribir. (pah-PEHL PAH-rah ehs-kree-BEER)

Driving

In Spain, most of the signs in major cities are by pictures instead of actual lettered signs so refer to a European travel guide which will contain the rules for road or city signs.

I want to rent a car. 

Quiero alquilar un auto/coche/carro. (KYEH-roh ahl-kee-LAHR oon OW-toh/KOH-cheh/KAR-roh)

How much is it daily/weekly? 

¿Cuánto es diario/semanal? (KWAHN-toh ehs DYAH-ryoh/seh-mah-NAHL?)

Do you provide road maps? 

¿Ofrece mapas de carreteras? (oh-FREH-ceh MAH-pahs deh kahr-reh-TEH-rahs?)

Does that include insurance/mileage? 

¿Eso incluye seguro/kilometraje? (EH-soh een-KLOO-yeh seh-GOO-roh/kee-loh-meh-TRAH-kheh?)

Can I get insurance? 

¿Puedo contratar un seguro?

STOP (on a street sign) 

STOP (stohp) (Spain), ALTO (AHL-toh) (México), PARE (PAH-reh) (Chile, Argentina, Perú, Colombia, Puerto Rico)

yield 

Ceda el paso (SEH-dah ehl PAH-soh)

one way 

dirección única (dee-rehk-SYOHN OO-nee-kah)

no parking 

no aparcar (noh ah-pahr-KAHR) , no estacionar (noh ehs-tah-syoh-NAHR), no aparcamiento (noh ah-pahr-kah-MYEHN-toh)

speed limit 

límite de velocidad (LEE-mee-teh deh beh-loh-see-DAHD) , velocidad máxima (beh-loh-see-DAHD MAHK-see-mah)

gas/petrol station 

gasolinera (gah-soh-lee-NEH-rah) , estación de bencina (ehs-tah-SYOHN deh behn-SEE-nah) (Chile), estación de servicio (ehs-tah-SYOHN deh sehr-BEE-syoh) (Argentina)

gas/petrol 

gasolina (gah-soh-LEE-nah) , bencina (behn-SEE-nah) (Chile), nafta (NAHF-tah) (Argentina)

diesel 

gasóleo (gah-SOH-leh-oh) , diesel (DYEH-sehl) (Latin America), gasóil/diésel (gah-SOIL/DYEH-sehl) (Spain)

How long can I park here? 

¿Cuánto tiempo puedo estacionarme aquí? (KWAHN-toh TYEHM-poh PWEH-doh ehs-tah-syoh-NAHR-meh ah-KEE?)

Does this street/road/highway lead to....? 

¿Esta calle/carretera/autopista llega a....? (EHS-tah KAH-yeh/kahr-reh-TEH-rah/ow-toh-PEES-tah YEH-gah ah....?)

I need a mechanic. 

Necesito un mecánico. (neh-ceh-SEE-toh oon meh-KAH-nee-koh)

Authority

I haven't done anything wrong. 

No he hecho nada malo. (NOH eh EH-choh NAH-dah MAH-loh)

Please, there has been a mistake. 

Por favor, hubo un malentendido. (pohr fah-BOHR OO-boh oon mahl-ehn-tehn-DEE-doh)

It was a misunderstanding. 

Fue un malentendido. (fweh oon mahl-ehn-tehn-DEE-doh)

Where are you taking me? 

¿Adónde me lleva? (ah-DOHN-deh meh YEH-bah?)

Am I under arrest? 

¿Estoy arrestado/da? (ehs-TOY ahr-rehs-TAH-doh/dah?), ¿Estoy bajo arresto? (EHS-toy BAH-khoh ahr-REHS-toh?)

I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. 

Soy ciudadano(a) estadounidense/australiano(a)/inglés(esa)/canadiense. (soy syoo-dah-DAH-noh(ah) ehs-tah-doh-oo-nee-DEHN-see/ ows-trah-LYAH-noh(nah)/ een-GLEHS(ah)/ kah-nah-DYEHN-seh)

I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian consulate/embassy. 

Quiero hablar con el consulado/la embajada estadounidense/australiano(a)/inglés(esa)/canadiense. (KYEH-roh ah-BLAHR kohn ehl kohn-soo-LAH-doh/lah ehm-bah-HAH-dah ehs-tah-doh-oo-nee-DEHN-seh/ ows-trah-LYAH-noh(nah)/ een-GLEHS(ah)/ kah-nah-DYEHN-seh)

I want to talk to a lawyer. 

Quiero hablar con un abogado. (KYEH-roh ah-BLAHR kohn oon ah-boh-GAH-doh)

Can I just pay a fine now? 

¿Puedo pagar la multa ahora? (PWEH-doh pah-GAHR lah MOOL-tah ah-OH-rah?)

I confess. 

Yo confieso (yoh kohn-FYEH-soh)

Emergencies

Help! 

¡Socorro!, ¡Ayuda! (soh-KOHR-roh, ah-YOO-dah)

Look out! 

¡Cuidado!, ¡Ojo! (kwee-DAH-doh, OH-hoh)

Fire! 

¡Fuego! (FWEH-goh)

Go away! 

¡Márchese!, ¡Váyase! (MAHR-cheh-seh, BAH-yah-seh)

Thief! 

¡Ladrón! (lah-DROHN)

Stop thief! 

¡Para ladrón! (PAH-rah lah-DROHN)

Police! 

¡Policía! (poh-lee-SEE-ah)

Call the police! 

¡Llame a la policía! (YAH-meh a lah poh-lee-SEE-ah)

Take cover! 

¡Cúbranse! (KOO-brahn-say)

There's a shooting! 

¡Hay disparos! (eye dees-PAH-rose)

Where is the police station? 

¿Dónde está la comisaría? (DOHN-deh ehs-TAH lah koh-mee-sah-REE-ah?)

Can you help me please? 

¿Puede usted ayudarme por favor? (PWEH-deh oos-TEHD ah-yoo-DAHR-meh pohr fah-BOHR?)

Could I use your telephone/mobile/cell phone? 

¿Podría yo usar su teléfono/móbil/celular? (poh-DREE-ah yoh oo-SAHR soo teh-LEH-foh-noh/MOH-beel/seh-loo-LAHR?)

There's been an accident! 

¡Hubo un accidente! (OO-boh oon ahk-see-DEHN-teh)

Call... 

¡Llame a ... (YAH-meh ah)

...a doctor! 

...un doctor! (oon dohk-TOHR)

...an ambulance! 

...una ambulancia! (OO-nah ahm-boo-LAHN-syah)

I need medical attention! 

¡Necesito atención médica! (neh-seh-SEE-toh ah-tehn-SYON MEH-dee-kah)

I'm ill. 

Estoy enfermo/ma, Me siento mal. (ehs-TOY ehn-FEHR-moh/mah Meh SYEHN-toh mahl)

I'm lost. 

Estoy perdido/da. (ehs-TOY pehr-DEE-doh/dah)

I've been raped! 

¡He sido violado/da! (eh SEE-doh byoh-LAH-doh/dah)