Zincke nitration

The Zincke nitration is an organic reaction in which a bromine substituent of a phenol or cresol is replaced by a nitro group by treatment with nitrous acid or sodium nitrite.[1][2] The reaction is a manifestation of nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The reaction is named after Theodor Zincke, who noticed it first in 1900.

Zincke nitration
Named after	Theodor Zincke
Reaction type	Substitution reaction
Identifiers
RSC ontology ID	RXNO:0000413

Two examples:[3]

Zincke nitration

and:[4]

Zincke nitration

The Zincke nitration should not be confused with the Zincke–Suhl reaction or the Zincke reaction.

See also

• Menke nitration

References

1. Zincke, Th. (1900). "Ueber die Einwirkung von salpetriger Säure auf Brom- und Chlorderivate von Phenolen". J. Prakt. Chem. (in German). 61 (1): 561–567. doi:10.1002/prac.19000610145.
2. Zincke, Th. (1900). "Ueber die Einwirkung von Salpetersäure auf Halogenderivate des p-Kresols". J. Prakt. Chem. (in German). 63 (1): 183–187. doi:10.1002/prac.19010630111.
3. Raiford, L. Chas.; LeRosen, Arthur L. (1944). "The Nitration of Brominated Fluorophenols by the Zincke Method". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 66 (11): 1872–1873. doi:10.1021/ja01239a020.
4. Raiford, L. Chas.; Miller, Glen R. (1933). "Behavior of Mixed Halogenated Phenols in the Zincke Method of Nitration". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (5): 2125–2131. doi:10.1021/ja01332a059.