Zenzontepec Chatino

Zenzontepec Chatino
	Northern Chatino
Native to	Mexico
Region	Oaxaca
Native speakers	8,500 (2000)[1]
Language family	Oto-Manguean Zapotecan Chatino Zacatepec–Highlands Zenzontepec Chatino; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	czn
Glottolog	zenz1235[2]

Zenzontepec Chatino, also known as Northern Chatino, or "Chatino Occidental Alto" is an indigenous Mesoamerican language, one of the Chatino family of the Oto-Manguean languages. It is not intelligible with other Chatino languages. It is spoken by one of the most isolated groups in Oaxaca, the Chatino people in the municipalities of Santa Cruz Zenzontepec and San Jacinto Tlacotepec, and in the former municipality of Santa María Tlapanalquiahuitl.[3]

Phonology

Zenzontepec Chatino has 5 vowels: /a, e, i, o, u/. Vowels may be oral or nasal.[4]

Consonants
	Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar		Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar			Glottal
	Bilabial	Dental	plain	palatalized	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	plain	palatalized	labialized	Glottal
Stop	p	t /t̪/		ty /tʲ/			k	ky /kʲ/	kw /kʷ/	ʔ
Affricate			tz /t͡s/		ch /t͡ʃ/
Fricative			s		x /ʃ/					j /h/
Nasal	m	n /n̪/		ny /nʲ/
Approximant	b /β̞/	l /l̪/		ly /lʲ/		y /j/			w
Flap			r /ɾ/

Zenzontepec Chatino has predictable stem-final stress.

In native vocabulary, the only permissible coda is the glottal stop. Phonological evidence, including evidence from a play language, suggests that the glottal stop of word-medial ʔC clusters belongs to the onset of the following syllable rather than the coda of the preceding syllable, and therefore true codas are only found word-finally.[5]

Tone

Zenzontepec Chatino's tone bearing unit is the mora, and each mora may be assigned a mid tone /M/, a high tone /H/, or be unspecified for tone /Ø/.

On words with two or more moras (polysyllabic words or monosyllabic words with long vowels) different combinations of tones can be found (/ØØ/, /ØM/, /MH/, /HØ/, and /HM/), some of which are morphologically specialized (/ØH/ and /MM/ which only appear on words inflected for second person singular), while others do not occur (/MØ/ and /HH/).

Tone processes

The high tone /H/ (but not the mid tone /M/) will spread through following toneless moras until coming into contact another /H/ or /M/ tone or the end of an intonational phrase. The /M/ or /H/ tones that the spreading /H/ tone runs in to will be downstepped phonetically, but will remain /M/ or /H/ phonologically. /M/ tones on monomoraic enclitics will become /H/ tones if its host's tone is /M/ or /ØM/.[4]

Play language

Speakers of Zenzontepec Chatino formerly used a play language called nchakwiɁ tsūɁ ntīlú 'speaking backwards' in which a word's first syllable was transposed to the end of the word, and its tones were replaced with /HØ/.[6]

gollark: <@94122472290394112> skynet

gollark: Still, they're identical until you want to get a result from a command or send a message, and who needs that?

gollark: Ah, no, they're not quite identical - skynet uses `message` instead of `data` somewhere.

gollark: (it allows reconfiguring the server URL)

gollark: Disregarding its responses, you'd be able to probably switch skynet to use EXT's backend with no code changes.

References

Zenzontepec Chatino at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Zenzontepec Chatino". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
"OLAC resources in and about the Zenzontepec Chatino language". Retrieved 2013-09-18.
Campbell, Eric W. (August 2014). "Aspects of the phonology and morphology of Zenzontepec Chatino, a Zapotecan language of Oaxaca, Mexico". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Campbell, Eric W. (2020-04-08). "Probing phonological structure in play language: Speaking backwards in Zenzontepec Chatino". Phonological Data and Analysis. 2 (1): 1–21–1–21. doi:10.3765/pda.v2art1.33. ISSN 2642-1828.
Campbell, Eric W. (2020-04-08). "Probing phonological structure in play language: Speaking backwards in Zenzontepec Chatino". Phonological Data and Analysis. 2 (1): 1–21–1–21. doi:10.3765/pda.v2art1.33. ISSN 2642-1828.

External links

Chatino Indian Language at native-languages.org
OLAC resources in and about the Zenzontepec Chatino language

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[e18-1] Zenzontepec Chatino at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Zenzontepec Chatino". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[3] "OLAC resources in and about the Zenzontepec Chatino language". Retrieved 2013-09-18.

[:0-4] Campbell, Eric W. (August 2014). "Aspects of the phonology and morphology of Zenzontepec Chatino, a Zapotecan language of Oaxaca, Mexico". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[5] Campbell, Eric W. (2020-04-08). "Probing phonological structure in play language: Speaking backwards in Zenzontepec Chatino". Phonological Data and Analysis. 2 (1): 1–21–1–21. doi:10.3765/pda.v2art1.33. ISSN 2642-1828.

[6] Campbell, Eric W. (2020-04-08). "Probing phonological structure in play language: Speaking backwards in Zenzontepec Chatino". Phonological Data and Analysis. 2 (1): 1–21–1–21. doi:10.3765/pda.v2art1.33. ISSN 2642-1828.