ZIC3

ZIC3 is a member of the Zinc finger of the cerebellum (ZIC) protein family.[5][6]

ZIC3
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2EJ4, 2RPC
Identifiers
Aliases	ZIC3, HTX, HTX1, VACTERLX, ZNF203, Zic family member 3
External IDs	OMIM: 300265 MGI: 106676 HomoloGene: 55742 GeneCards: ZIC3
Gene location (Human) Chr. X chromosome (human)[1] Band Xq26.3 Start 137,566,127 bp[1] End 137,577,691 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. X chromosome (mouse)[2] Band X A6|X 32.56 cM Start 58,022,700 bp[2] End 58,041,736 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • GO:0001948 protein binding • DNA binding • nucleic acid binding • sequence-specific DNA binding • metal ion binding • GO:0001131, GO:0001151, GO:0001130, GO:0001204 DNA-binding transcription factor activity • GO:0001077, GO:0001212, GO:0001213, GO:0001211, GO:0001205 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific • GO:0000980 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • GO:0001200, GO:0001133, GO:0001201 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Cellular component • cytoplasm • cell nucleus • nucleoplasm Biological process • determination of left/right symmetry • somatic stem cell population maintenance • determination of pancreatic left/right asymmetry • nervous system development • determination of digestive tract left/right asymmetry • multicellular organism development • heart looping • cell differentiation • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • anterior/posterior pattern specification • determination of liver left/right asymmetry • pattern specification process • transcription, DNA-templated • lung development • determination of left/right asymmetry in nervous system • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • central nervous system development Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7547	22773
Ensembl	ENSG00000156925	ENSMUSG00000067860
UniProt	O60481	Q62521
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_003413 NM_001330661	NM_009575
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001317590 NP_003404	NP_033601
Location (UCSC)	Chr X: 137.57 – 137.58 Mb	Chr X: 58.02 – 58.04 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

ZIC3 is classified as a ZIC protein due to conservation of the five C2H2 zinc fingers, which enables the protein to interact with DNA and proteins. Correct function of this protein family in critical for early development, and as such mutations of the genes encoding these proteins is known to result in various congenital defects. For example, mutation of ZIC3 is associated with heterotaxy,[7] that is thought to occur due to the role of ZIC3 in initial left-right symmetry formation, which involves the maintaining redistributed Nodal after the asymmetry of the embryo is initially broken.[8] Mutation of ZIC3 is also associated with various heart defects, such as heart looping, however these are thought to represent a mild form of heterotaxy. Mouse based studies have linked defective ZIC3 with neural tube defects (spina bifida) and skeletal defects.[9]

ZIC3 is also of particular interest as it has been shown to be required for maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency.[10]

Involvement in Wnt signalling

ZIC2, another member of the ZIC family, has recently been found to interact with TCF7L2, enabling it to act as a Wnt/β-catenin signalling inhibitor.[11] Further experiments have indicated that human ZIC3 is also able to inhibit Wnt signalling and that the Zinc finger domains are absolutely critical for this role.[12] Such a role is of critical importance, as not only is correct Wnt signalling critical for early development,[13] Wnt signalling has also been found to be upregulated to several cancers.

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000156925 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000067860 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Ali RG, Bellchambers HM, Arkell RM (November 2012). "Zinc finger of the cerebellum (Zic): Transcription factors and co-factors". Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 44 (11): 2065–8. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2012.08.012. PMID 22964024.
6. "Entrez Gene: ZIC3 Zic family member 3 heterotaxy 1 (odd-paired homolog, Drosophila)".
7. Ware SM, Peng J, Zhu L, Fernbach S, Colicos S, Casey B, Towbin J, Belmont JW (January 2004). "Identification and functional analysis of ZIC3 mutations in heterotaxy and related congenital heart defects". Am J Hum Genet. 74 (1): 93–105. doi:10.1086/380998. PMC 1181916. PMID 14681828.
8. Ware SM, Harutyunyan KG, Belmont JW (January 2006). "Heart defects in X-linked heterotaxy: evidence for a genetic interaction of Zic3 with the nodal signaling pathway". Dev. Dyn. 235 (6): 1631–7. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20719. PMID 16496285.
9. Purandare SM, Ware SM, Kwan KM, Gebbia M, Bassi MT, Deng JM, Vogel H, Behringer RR, Belmont JW, Casey B (May 2002). "A complex syndrome of left-right axis, central nervous system and axial skeleton defects in Zic3 mutant mice". Development. 129 (9): 2293–302. PMID 11959836.
10. Lim LS, Hong FH, Kunarso G, Stanton LW (November 2010). "The pluripotency regulator Zic3 is a direct activator of the Nanog promoter in ESCs". Stem Cells. 28 (11): 1961–9. doi:10.1002/stem.527. PMID 20872845.
11. Pourebrahim R, Houtmeyers R, Ghogomu S, Janssens S, Thelie A, Tran HT, Langenberg T, Vleminckx K, Bellefroid E, Cassiman JJ, Tejpar S (October 2011). "Transcription factor Zic2 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin protein signaling". J Biol Chem. 286 (43): 37732–40. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.242826. PMC 3199516. PMID 21908606.
12. Ahmed JN, Ali RG, Warr N, Wilson HM, Bellchambers HM, Barratt KS, Thompson AJ, Arkell RM (May 2013). "A murine Zic3 transcript with a premature termination codon evades nonsense-mediated decay during axis formation". Dis. Models Mech. 6 (3): 755–67. doi:10.1242/dmm.011668. PMC 3634658. PMID 23471918.
13. Fossat N, Jones V, Khoo PL, Bogani D, Hardy A, Steiner K, Mukhopadhyay M, Westphal H, Nolan PM, Arkell R, Tam PP (February 2011). "Stringent requirement of a proper level of canonical WNT signalling activity for head formation in mouse embryo". Development. 138 (4): 667–76. doi:10.1242/dev.052803. PMID 21228006.

Further reading

• Bellchambers HM, Ware SM (2018). "ZIC3 in Heterotaxy". Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 1046: 301–327. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7311-3_15. PMID 29442328.
• Houtmeyers R, Souopgui J, Tejpar S, Arkell R (2013). "The ZIC gene family encodes multi-functional proteins essential for patterning and morphogenesis". Cell Mol Life Sci. 70 (20): 3791–811. doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1285-5. PMID 23443491.
• Bedard JE, Purnell JD, Ware SM (2007). "Nuclear import and export signals are essential for proper cellular trafficking and function of ZIC3". Hum. Mol. Genet. 16 (2): 187–98. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl461. PMID 17185387.
• Zhu L, Harutyunyan KG, Peng JL, et al. (2007). "Identification of a novel role of ZIC3 in regulating cardiac development". Hum. Mol. Genet. 16 (14): 1649–60. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm106. PMID 17468179.