Yu Teng-fa

Yu Teng-fa (traditional Chinese: 余登發; simplified Chinese: 余登发; pinyin: Yú Dēngfā; 21 September 1904 – 13 September 1989) was a Taiwanese politician. His family's influence in Kaohsiung began with his own political career. Yu's daughter in-law Yu Chen Yueh-ying succeeded his daughter Huang Yu Hsiu-luan in the Legislative Yuan. Yu Teng-fa played a large role in Yu Chen's political career, and his grandchildren Yu Lin-ya, Yu Jane-daw, and Yu Cheng-hsien have also served in the Legislative Yuan.

Yu Teng-fa
余登發
Magistrate of Kaohsiung County
In office
2 June 1960 – 27 September 1963
Preceded byChen Chieh-hsing
Succeeded byLin Shih-cheng (acting)
Tai Liang-chin
Personal details
Born(1904-09-21)21 September 1904
Takao Prefecture, Taiwan, Empire of Japan
Died13 September 1989(1989-09-13) (aged 84)
Kaohsiung, Taiwan
NationalityEmpire of Japan (1904–1945)
Republic of China (1945–1989)
Political partyIndependent
Other political
affiliations		Kuomintang (1947–1948)
ChildrenYu Jui-yen (son)
Huang Yu Hsiu-luan (daughter)

Born to a family of wealthy farmers, Yu Teng-fa began his political career in 1947, when he was elected a Kuomintang member of the National Assembly.[1] He left the KMT in 1948,[1][2] though he remained friends with party members, namely Chen Hsin-an.[3] Yu succeeded Chen Chieh-hsing as Kaohsiung County magistrate in 1960. That same year, he founded the China Democratic Self Government Research Association.[4] His followers were known as the "black faction."[3][4] Yu was invited to join the tangwai movement for democratization, and he did so.[4] However, he remained opposed to Taiwanese independence, preferring unification with China.[2][4][5] Yu yielded the Kaohsiung magistracy to Tai Liang-chin of Kaohsiung's "red faction" in 1963.[6] The Kuomintang charged Yu with embezzlement, and he was jailed.[7][8]

Elections to the National Assembly and Legislative Yuan were scheduled for December 1978, but postponed after the United States announced that it would soon diplomatically recognize the People's Republic of China. Yu protested the postponement of the elections, stating that the decision was unconstitutional, exposing the Kuomintang's penchant for relying on martial law.[9] In January 1979, he and his son Yu Jui-yen were arrested prior to a demonstration against the postponement of elections and formally charged with "knowing a Communist and not reporting it."[4][10][11] Yu's arrest led to a large protest organized by Hsu Hsin-liang.[4] The event became known as the Qiaotou incident and was the first political demonstration since martial law was enacted in May 1949.[12] The January 1979 protest prompted Hsu's impeachment by the Control Yuan, which in turn contributed to December's Kaohsiung Incident.[4][13] Yu's alleged collaborator, Wu Tai-an,[14] also known as Wu Chun-fa, went to trial shortly after Yu's arrest.[15] Proceedings against Yu Teng-fa and Yu Jui-yen began in March 1979,[15] and were overseen by a military court of the Taiwan Garrison Command.[16] During his trial, Yu Teng-fa was represented by Yao Chia-wen.[17][13] On 16 April 1979, Yu was sentenced to eight years imprisonment.[4][15] In her memoir, Annette Lu wrote that the charges against Yu were "an elaborate frame up."[18] Three years later,[17] Yu was released on medical parole.[19][20] In 1986, while serving as magistrate of Kaohsiung, Yu Teng-fa's daughter in-law Yu Chen Yueh-ying merged the "black faction" with the Democratic Progressive Party.[2] On 13 September 1989, Yu Teng-fa was found dead at his home in Kaohsiung.[21] He had been injured in the back of the head, and was lying in a supine position.[1] In 1995, Kao Ming-hui, a retired deputy chief of the Investigation Bureau based in Kaohsiung, wrote that charges against Yu were fabricated by Kao's agency, additionally stating that Yu was mentally unstable and could not recognize the flag of the People's Republic of China when questioned.[20]

References
  1. "Old warrior Yu Teng-fa Murdered" (PDF). Taiwan Communiqué (42): 23. November 1989. ISSN 1027-3999. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  2. Rigger, Shelley (1996). Rodan, Garry (ed.). Political Oppositions in Industrialising Asia. Psychology Press. p. 320. ISBN 9780415148658. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  3. Hsu, Elizabeth (16 January 2016). "Chen Chien-jen vows to be more than just figurehead vice president". Central News Agency. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  4. Jacobs, J. Bruce (2016). The Kaohsiung Incident in Taiwan and Memoirs of a Foreign Big Beard. Brill. p. 14. ISBN 9789004315921. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  5. Wachman, Alan (1994). Taiwan: National Identity and Democratization. M. E. Sharpe. p. 118. ISBN 9781563243981.
  6. Wu, Chung-li (2003). "Local factions and the Kuomintang in Taiwan's electoral politics". International Relations of the Asia-Pacific. 3: 110. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.846.5823. doi:10.1093/irap/3.1.89.
  7. Ko, Shu-ling (3 December 2007). "FEATURE: Provincial officials recall drama of democratization". Taipei Times. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  8. "Tsai: "Stories of our democracy must be told again and again"". Radio Taiwan International. 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  9. Rigger, Shelley (1999). Politics in Taiwan: Voting for Democracy. Psychology Press. p. 116. ISBN 9780415172080. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  10. Kilimnik, Ken (April 1981). "Made in Taiwan". Contemporary Crises. 5 (2): 128. doi:10.1007/BF00728409.
  11. Bridges, Brian; Ho, Lok-sang, eds. (2009). Public Governance in Asia and the Limits of Electoral Democracy. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 143. ISBN 9781849806343. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  12. Yang, Sophia (21 January 2019). "Taiwan's first protest under martial law: The 1979 Ciaotao Incident". Taiwan News. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  13. "Qiaotou Incident commemorated in Kaohsiung". Taiwan Today. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  14. "Taiwan: Opposition leader arrested" (PDF). Amnesty International. March 1979. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  15. "Yu Teng-fa's case" (PDF). Amnesty International. October 1979. pp. 13–14. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  16. "This month in Free China". Free China Review. 1 June 1979. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  17. "Profile of a human rights lawyer" (PDF). Taiwan Communiqué (29): 2–3. March 1987. ISSN 1027-3999. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  18. Lu, Hsiu-lien; Esarey, Ashley (2014-05-22). My Fight for a New Taiwan: One Woman's Journey from Prison to Power. University of Washington Press. p. 101. ISBN 9780295805054. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  19. Lu, Hsiu-lien; Esarey, Ashley (2014-05-22). My Fight for a New Taiwan: One Woman's Journey from Prison to Power. University of Washington Press. p. 299. ISBN 9780295805054. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  20. "New Evidence in 1979 Political Case" (PDF). Taiwan Communiqué (65): 23. April 1995. ISSN 1027-3999. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  21. "Taiwan political opposition pioneer slain". Deseret News. 14 September 1989. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
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