Yondonwangchug

Yondonwangchug (1870 – March 24, 1938) was an Inner Mongolian nobleman of Ulanqab League and politician under the Qing Dynasty, Republic of China and Mengjiang governments.[1][2]

Yondonwangchug. Photo date unknown.

Names

His name Yondonwangchug, also spelled Yondonvanchig or Yunden Wangchuk, is of Tibetan origin and is transcribed into Chinese as Chinese: 雲端旺楚克; pinyin: Yúnduān Wàngchukè. For short, he is referred to as Prince Yun, a translation of Chinese: 雲王; pinyin: Yún Wáng.

Career

Yondonwangchug was born in 1870 in what is today Darhan Muminggan United Banner. In his early years, he studied the Tibetan and Chinese languages. He became deputy head of Ulanqab League in 1896. In 1924, he established the banner's first school.[2]

In 1934, he took up the chairmanship of the Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee under the Nanjing government. However, he was frustrated by its limited authority and clashes with Suiyuan Province authorities under Fu Zuoyi.[3] Angered by Shirabdorji's uncooperative attitude towards the Committee, in October 1935 Yondonwangchug attempted to strip Shirabdorji of his titles, and sent troops to Shirabdorji's residence; Shirabdorji responded that the council had no power to order his dismissal or appoint new officials to his positions, which were, after all, hereditary.[1][4] There, Yondonwangchug's forces clashed with Fu's; the Nanjing government did little to intervene.[3] After he incident he went into virtual retirement, and formally resigned in March 1936.[5]

Yondonwangchug was named chairman of the pro-Japanese Mongol Military Government when it was established in April 1936.[2] In July 1936, a newspaper account states that he was arrested on a visit to Bailingmiao and held in the military headquarters there, and charged with high treason.[6] In October 1937 he was announced as the chairman of the new Mongol United Autonomous Government.[7] He died in July 1938, reportedly by poisoning.[8]

gollark: I'll seize the means of production, for profit.
gollark: I WILL monetize communism.
gollark: Anyway, I would be excited to participate in your word market ~~and do high frequency trading~~ so notify me of progress and/or if you need help please.
gollark: ... rollbacking?
gollark: If you expect unquestioning obedience, stop doing that.

References
  1. Lin 2006, p. 43
  2. "云端旺楚克", Inner Mongolia News, 2003-09-22, archived from the original on 2007-11-17, retrieved 2011-08-05
  3. Lin 2010, p. 49–50
  4. "Mongol dispute: return of old system demanded", The Straits Times, 1935-10-02, retrieved 2011-08-05
  5. "Peilingmiao Council reorganised", The Straits Times, 1936-03-23, retrieved 2011-08-04
  6. "Serious developments in Mongolia: Prince Yun arrested", The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser, 1936-07-02, retrieved 2011-08-05
  7. "Inner Mongolians set up new regime; break from Nanking", Chicago Tribune, 1937-10-20, retrieved 2011-08-05
  8. "Japanese Halt Advance On The Yangtse", The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser, 1938-08-02, retrieved 2011-08-05

Bibliography
  • Lin, Hsiao-ting (2010), Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West, Taylor and Francis, ISBN 9780415582643
  • Lin, Hsiao-ting (2006), Tibet and nationalist China's frontier: intrigues and ethnopolitics, 1928–49, UBC Press, ISBN 978-0-7748-1301-3
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