Yashima Gakutei

Yashima Gakutei (Japanese: 八島岳亭; c. 1786 – 1868) was a Japanese artist and poet who was a pupil of both Totoya Hokkei and Hokusai. Gakutei is best known for his kyōka poetry and surimono works.

Yashima Gakutei
Born	c. 1786 Osaka, Japan
Died	1868 (aged 81–82)
Nationality	Japanese
Education	Hokusai Hokkei
Known for	Woodblock printing Illustration
Movement	Ukiyo-e

Biography

Gakutei was born in Osaka around 1786, though his exact year of birth is somewhat unclear.[1][2] He was the illegitimate son of the samurai known as Hirata who served under the Tokugawa shogunate. Gakutei's mother later married into the Yashima clan, explaining the artist's name.[3] For some time, he worked in Osaka, focusing chiefly on woodblock prints called surimono in addition to book illustrations.[2] Most of what is known about Gakutei has been surmised from the subjects and context of his work.[4]

Works

Gakutei is noted for the quality in his wood printing works and for his general contributions to the body of ukiyo-e artwork. Specifically, critics have noted his technical prowess and precision,[3] his skill in embossing,[2] and that his specialization in surimono exceeded that of his teacher, Hokkei.[5] Some of his work included a set of five woodblock prints featuring young women performing gagaku, a traditional kind of court music from the Heian period. Each woman plays an instrument: a reed called a shō, a woodwind called a ryūteki, a koto, a stringed instrument called a biwa, and a drum called a tsuri-daiko.[4] Gakutei also illustrated an entire book called the Kyōka Suikoden (狂歌水滸伝) related to the translated Chinese novel Suikoden. Gakutei also created landscapes and seascapes for books,[6] which are rare pieces amongst Hokusai's pupils.[7]

Gakutei is also known for his prolific writing;[8][9] he wrote many humorous poems called kyōka and used them in his artwork and prints.[10] Additionally, he was responsible for a Japanese translation of Journey to the West,[10] for which he also completed illustrations.[11]

Gallery

• 
  A woman playing a large suspended drum, a surimono woodblock print from Gakutei, circa 1827.
• 
  Untitled, a woodblock print embossed on paper, circa 19th century, illustrating the Kagerō Nikki.
• 
  Sennin Ôkyô, a woodblock print in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, 1821 and 1822
• 
  Carp and Pine, a woodblock print produced on commission for a friends club in Kamige. In the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

References

1. van Gulik, Willem R. (1982). Irezumi. Brill Archive. p. 49.
2. Young, Martie Wing (1973). Asian Art: a Collector's Selection. Cornell University. p. 204.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
3. Keyes, Roger S. (1985). Surimono A catalogue of privately commissioned original Japanese woodblock prints from the 19th century (PDF). Sotheby. p. 46.
4. Bennett, James (2009). Amy Reigle Newland (ed.). The golden journey: Japanese art from Australian collections, Volume 1. Art Gallery of South Australia. p. 174.
5. Young 1973, p. 14.
6. Stewart, Basil (1979). A guide to Japanese prints and their subject matter ([Repr.] ed.). New York: Dover Publications. p. 67. ISBN 0486238091.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
7. Stewart 1979, p. 131.
8. "Collection of Surimono Depicting Books & Scrolls. - Bromer Booksellers - Rare and Beautiful Books". Bromer.com. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
9. "Yashima Gakutei". IFPDA. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
10. Roberts, Laurence P. "Gakutei". The Art of Japan. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
11. Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Gift of the Friends of Arthur B. Duel. "The Monkey King Songokû, from the Chinese Novel "Journey to the West"". Harvard Art Museums. Retrieved 11 July 2015.