Yakou (mountain pass)

Yakou (Chinese: 埡口; pinyin: Yàkǒu), also known as Guanshan Pass (Chinese: 關山埡口; pinyin: Guānshān Yàkǒu) or Daguanshan Pass (Chinese: 大關山埡口; pinyin: Dàguānshān Yàkǒu), is a mountain pass in Taiwan transversing the Central Mountain Range within Yushan National Park. The name Yakou literally means "mountain pass". At the peak, there is a short, one-way named the Daguanshan Tunnel, which is the highest tunnel in Taiwan. Administratively, it is located at the border of Taoyuan, Kaohsiung and Haiduan, Taitung.

Yakou
Daguanshan Tunnel in 2015
Elevation2,722 m (8,930 ft)
Traversed by Provincial Highway 20
LocationBorder of Taoyuan, Kaohsiung and Haiduan, Taitung, Taiwan
RangeCentral Mountain Range
Coordinates23°15′52″N 120°57′27″E
Location in Taiwan

Yakou is known its frequent sea of clouds on the east side due to orographic lift from the Pacific Ocean.[1] However, due to severe road collapses following Typhoon Morakot in 2009, Yakou is currently inaccessible by car.[2]

Occasionally, the character "啞" (yǎ) is used in place of 埡 since the latter is a rarely used character.

History

Initially, a path made by the Bunun people ran through Yakou. During Japan's occupation of Taiwan, the path was widened to better govern the aboriginal population in the mountains. After Japan left the island, the path was widened into the Southern Cross-Island Highway. Construction ran between 1968 and 1972, and construction workers established a campsite near Yakou; the site of the campsite became a hostel operated by the China Youth Corps.[3][4]

After Typhoon Morakot in 2009, multiple sections of the Southern Cross-Island Highway collapsed from the heavy rainfall. Immediately east of Yakou, a landslide buried Daguanshan Tunnel's east entrance and its adjacent parking lot and destroyed 300  of highway.[5] Though not as heavily affected, the hostel closed down after the typhoon.[6]

The section of the highway from Meishan to the west and Xiangyang to the west were closed to outside traffic after the typhoon and remains closed to this day. The highway is expected to reopen in 2021.[2]

Geology

The rock around Yakou is primarily composed of a stratum composed of argillite, another of shale, and a third of slate and phyllite. Due to the parallel planes of weakness present in the rocks, Yakou and the rest of the Southern Cross-Island Highway is very prone to landslides and failures even before Typhoon Morakot in 2009, and reconstruction has proven to be very difficult.[7]

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References
  1. "埡口". Taitung Travel. Taitung County Government. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  2. 劉智維; 魏斌; 林振義; 吳柏源 (May 5, 2018). "【南橫直擊】封路三千天　通車挑戰不可能任務" (in Chinese). Apple Daily. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  3. "南橫公路台東段". Travel KIng (in Chinese). Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  4. 盧太城 (February 12, 2014). "南橫回憶 埡口山莊走入歷史" (in Chinese). Central News Agency. Archived from the original on March 3, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  5. 王秀亭 (September 9, 2009). "《八八災後》南橫埡口大坍方 地貌大走樣" (in Chinese). Liberty Times. Archived from the original on November 13, 2009. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  6. 盧太城 (September 27, 2019). "莫拉克10週年 南橫公路通車要老天爺點頭" (in Chinese). Central News Agency. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  7. 賴典章 (1988). 玉山國家公園 關山地區地質調查 南橫公路地質潛在 危險區的研究分析 (PDF). 中央地調所. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
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