Xu Teli

Xu Teli (February 1, 1877 – November 28, 1968) was a politician of the People's Republic of China. Xu was the teacher of Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Xiao Zisheng, and Tian Han.[1] Xu was a member of the 7th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the 8th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

Xu Teli
徐特立
Xu Teli, in Yan'an.
Vice-Minister of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China
In office
1949–1949
ChairmanMao Zedong
Minister of Education of Chinese Soviet Republic
In office
November 1931 – September 1937
ChairmanMao Zedong
Personal details
Born
Xu Maoxun

(1877-02-01)February 1, 1877
Changsha County, Changsha, Hunan
DiedNovember 28, 1968(1968-11-28) (aged 91)
Beijing
NationalityChinese
Political partyCommunist Party of China
Spouse(s)Xiong Licheng
ChildrenXu Shouzhen
Xu Duben
Xu Moqing
Xu Houben
Alma materUniversity of Paris
Moscow Sun Yat-sen University
OccupationPolitician, educator
Xu Teli
Traditional Chinese徐特立
Simplified Chinese徐特立

Biography
Xu Teli and Mao Zedong in Yan'an, in 1936.

Xu was born Xu Maoxun (Chinese: 徐懋恂) in Changsha County, Changsha, Hunan on February 1, 1877, during the Qing Dynasty.[2][3][4] At the age of four, his mother died.[4] In 1885, by age nine, Xu was sent to school.[4]

At age eighteen, Xu set up a private school and taught there.[3] In 1905, Xu attended the imperial examination when he was twenty-eight.[2][3] After graduation, he became a teacher at Changsha Zhounan Girl's School. In 1907, Xu made a report on current affairs in the school, when he talked about the humiliating things of the corrupt government of Qing Empire, large tears began to fill his eyes and broke hot across his cheeks, Xu was indignation that he cut his little finger off with a kitchen knife, and wrote a protest with a pen dipped in the blood, fainted on the spot.[2][3]

In 1911, Xu took part in the Xinhai Revolution and Hunan Uprising.[2][3]

In 1912, Xu founded the Changsha County Normal School (currently Changsha Normal University).[2][3]

In 1919, Xu studied natural sciences at the University of Paris, he also visited Belgium and Germany.[2][3] In this trip Xu observed modern European societies and cultures for the first time.[2][3] In June 1924, Xu returned to Changsha, he founded the Changsha Women's Normal School and served as the President there.[2][3] At that time, Xu also taught at Hunan First Normal University.

In 1927, during the White Terror, Xu joined the Communist Party of China and took part in the Nanchang Uprising.[2][3][5][6]

In 1928, Xu was sent to Moscow Sun Yat-sen University to study at the expense of the government.[2][3]

In 1930, Xu returned to Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet, he was appointed as the Minister of Education of the Chinese Soviet Republic, a position he held until September 1937.[2][3]

In 1934, Xu took part in the Long March.[2][3]

In 1940, Xu worked as the President of Yan'an Academy of Natural Sciences. When he was in Yan'an, he and Dong Biwu, Lin Boqu, Wu Yuzhang, and Xie Juezai were called the Yan'an Five Seniors (Chinese: 延安五老).

After the founding of the Communist State, Xu was appointed as the Vice-Minister of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, a few days later, he resigned his post.[2][3][7]

On November 28, 1968, during the Cultural Revolution, Xu died in Beijing, aged 91.[2][3]

Personal life

Xu married Xiong Licheng (Chinese: 熊立诚), they had four children, Xu Shouzhen (Chinese: 徐守珍), Xu Duben (Chinese: 徐笃本), Xu Moqing (Chinese: 徐陌青), and Xu Houben (Chinese: 徐厚本).[4]

Works
  • Collected Works of Xu Teli
  • Complete Works of Xu Teli
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See also
  • Xu Teli's Former Residence

References
  1. 毛泽东为徐特立两次祝寿. 163.COM (in Chinese). 2013-12-04.
  2. 徐特立：每个共产党员必须坚持实事求是. dzwww.com (in Chinese). 2006-01-20.
  3. 徐特立　一生刚烈写传奇. People.com (in Chinese). 2001-05-05.
  4. 徐特立与妻子熊立诚忠贞不渝的爱情. CPC News (in Chinese). 2010-06-08.
  5. 徐特立游说姜济寰支持南昌起义 坐镇姜公馆掩护及支持南昌起义. jxnews.com.cn (in Chinese). 2014-02-10.
  6. 徐特立在南昌起义中. china.com.cn (in Chinese). 2010-10-08.
  7. 徐特立主动让职位. yangtse.com (in Chinese). 2013-04-07. Archived from the original on May 13, 2015.
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