Ximena Morla Lynch

Ximena Morla Lynch (1891–1987[2]), also known as Ximena Morla de Subercaseaux, was a Chilean feminist writer and painter.[3][4][5][6] The daughter of writer Luisa Lynch and conservative politician Carlos Morla Vicuña,[7] she had five siblings, including Carlos, a diplomat, and Carmen, a writer.[6][8] Her granddaughter is the novelist Elizabeth Subercaseaux.[9]

Ximena Morla Lynch
Morla Lynch (seated second from right) with her mother and siblings, 1904
Born1891 (1891)
Paris, France
Died1987 (aged 95–96)
Santiago, Chile
NationalityChilean
Other namesXimena Morla de Subercaseaux
OccupationWriter, painter
Spouse(s)Juan Eduardo Subercaseaux[1]
Parents
Relatives
  • Carlos (brother)
  • Carmen (sister)

Work

Part of her literary output is known to be unpublished or scattered in newspapers and magazines – as is also the case with other feminist writers of the era such as her mother and sister, María Luisa Fernández, and Sara Hübner de Fresno.[4] Her literary work is considered to be part of the early 20th century avant-garde that sought to massify feminist thinking and fight for women's rights.[10]

For some authors, her work can be framed within so-called "aristocratic feminism", along with other writers such as Elvira Santa Cruz Ossa, Blanca Santa Cruz Ossa, Inés Echeverría Bello, María Mercedes Vial, Teresa Wilms Montt, María Luisa Fernández, and Mariana Cox Méndez.[11]

The spiritism sessions that she held with her sister Carmen in the early 20th century have inspired plays and novels.[12][13][14] In Grupo 7, – the Morlas' esoteric circle to which painter María Tupper (1893–1965) also belonged – Ximena was the main medium, although her sister Carmen also functioned as such. Her astral name was Vera, her sister's was Nakinko, her mother's was Asiul, and Tupper's was Cirineo.[15]

As a painter, she made portraits in oil on canvas. She was also an "illustrator and creator of imaginative compositions of native style."[3]

Painting exhibitions

Individual
  • 1977: Municipality of Zapallar, Zapallar, Chile

Group
  • 1915: Exposición Anual de Bellas Artes, Salón Oficial, Santiago
  • 1927: Exposición de Bellas Artes, Salón Oficial, Santiago
  • 1936: Exposición Nacional de Artes Plásticas de Valparaíso
  • 1963: Salón Oficial de Artes Plásticas, Santiago
  • 1975: La Mujer en el Arte, Museo Nacional de Bellas artes, Santiago
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References
  1. de la Cuadra Gormaz, Guillermo (1982). Familias chilenas: (origen y desarrollo de las familias chilenas) [Chilean Families: (Origin and Growth of Chilean Families)] (in Spanish). Santiago: Editorial Zamorano y Caperán. p. 526. Retrieved 29 September 2017 – via Google Books.
  2. Las Morla. Diarios y dibujos de Carmen y Ximena Morla [The Morlas. Journals and Drawings by Carmen and Ximena Morla] (in Spanish). Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. 2016.
  3. "Ximena Morla" (in Spanish). Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  4. Subercaseaux, Bernardo (1 January 1997). Genealogía de la vanguardia en Chile [Genealogy of the Avant-Garde in Chile] (in Spanish). University of Chile Faculty of Philosophy and Humanities. p. 57.
  5. Valle, Ximena (2011). Mayorga, Rodrigo (ed.). Fuiste mujer, ese fue tu crimen y tu corona. Mujer y escritura en Chile entre dos épocas [You were a woman, that was your crime and your crown. Women and writing in Chile between two eras]. Escribir a Chile desde la escuela. Conciencia histórica e investigación escolar entre Centenarios (1910–2010) (in Spanish). RIL. p. 251. ISBN 9789562848374. Retrieved 29 September 2017 – via Google Books.
  6. Subercaseaux, Pilar (January 1, 1999). Las Morla: huellas sobre la arena [The Morlas: Footprints on the Sand] (in Spanish). Aguilar. p. 144. ISBN 9789562390743.
  7. de La Goublaye, Yves; Schuler Dauvin, Santiago (2004). "Descendencia del general de la Real Armada española don Pedro Pérez de la Quintana en Chile, Perú y Bolivia (1600–2004)" [Descent of the General of the Royal Spanish Armada Don Pedro Pérez de la Quintana in Chile, Peru and Bolivia (1600–2004)]. Revista de estudios históricos (in Spanish). Chilean Institute of Genealogical Research. 45: 19–118.
  8. Lafourcade, Enrique (1 January 1996). El Veraneo y otros Horrores [The Summer and Other Horrors] (in Spanish). LOM Ediciones. p. 25. ISBN 9789567369416. Retrieved 29 September 2017 – via Google Books.
  9. Labarca B., Cristián (28 August 2011). "La casa de los espíritus de Providencia" [The House of the Spirits of Providence]. La Tercera (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  10. Subercaseaux, Bernardo (1997). Historia de Las Ideas y la Cultura en Chile, tomo III. El centenario y las vanguardias [History of Ideas and Culture in Chile, Volume III. The Centenary and the Avant-Garde] (in Spanish). Editorial Universitaria. p. 98. ISBN 9789561117075. Retrieved 28 September 2017 – via Google Books.
  11. Poblete Alday, Patricia; Rivera Aravena, Carla (Spring 2003). "El feminismo aristocrático: la violencia simbólica y ruptura soterrada a comienzos del siglo XX" [Aristocratic Feminism: Symbolic Violence and Buried Rupture at the Beginning of the 20th Century]. Revista de historia social y de las mentalidades (in Spanish). University of Santiago, Chile. 1 (7): 57–79. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
  12. Cabello, Marcello (28 February 2001). "La esoteria de las hermanas Morla" [The Esotericism of the Morla Sisters]. EMOL (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  13. "Elizabeth Subercaseaux y la naturalidad de la muerte" [Elizabeth Subercaseaux and the Nature of Death]. El Mercurio (in Spanish). 24 October 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  14. Valdéz Urrutia, Cecilia (9 November 2003). "Entrevista. Juan Subercaseaux: Atmósferas mágicas" [Interview. Juan Subercaseaux: Magical Atmospheres]. El Mercurio (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  15. Díaz Navarrete, Wenceslao (2014). María y los espíritus. Diarios y cartas de María Tupper [María and the Spirits. Journals and Letters of María Tupper] (in Spanish). Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. p. 226. ISBN 9789561414853. Retrieved 29 September 2017 – via Google Books.
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