Xidaotang

Xidaotang (Chinese: 西道堂; pinyin: Xīdàotáng, "Hall of the Western Dao," i.e. Islam)--originally called Jinxingtang 金星堂, the "Gold Star Hall"; also called the Hanxue pai 汉学派, the "Han Studies Sect" [1]--is a Sino-Islamic religious body / special economic community centered in Gansu province. Founded in 1901 by Ma Qixi (1857–1914), a Chinese Muslim from Lintan (formerly Taozhou), it fuses traditional Sunni Hanafi Islam with study of the Confucian classics and the Han Kitab. The group lived communally, supporting itself through a trade network which extended into the Tibetan border regions.

Machang Mosque in Linxia, Gansu, is a mosque of the Xidaotang sect.

In 1914, Hui general Ma Anliang, affiliated with the rival Khufiyya order, slew Ma Qixi, and was nearly successful in exterminating the sect, but a portion evaded capture. [2] Hui warlord Ma Zhongying raided Hui and Tibetan encampments in the 1920s, causing another exodus.[3] The Xidaotang pledged allegiance to the Kuomintang after their rise to power, and in 1941, the Hui General Bai Chongxi introduced Chiang Kai-shek to Xidaotang leader Ma Mingren in Chongqing.[4]

The Xidaotang is mainly distributed in Lintan and Hezheng County in Gansu, [5] and also has followers in Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Sichuan.[6] Its religious practices broadly resemble those of the Qadim (Gedimu), with some Jahriyya elements.[7] Great emphasis is placed on shari'a (jiaocheng 教乘),and tariqa (daocheng 道乘),[8] "which gradually leads to depersonalization and mystical union with God." [9] Its members organize collectively and work together. One important focus is education. The group observes such holidays as the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad (Mawlid an-Nabi), the anniversary of his death, and the anniversary of the death of Ma Qixi. However, no mausoleum was built for Ma Qixi.[10]

Other leaders in the movement were:

  • 1918-1946: Ma Mingren (马明仁, 1896–1946)
  • 1947-1958: Min Xuecheng (敏学成, 1882–1957) (i.e. Min Zhidao).[11]

See also

References
  • Cihai ("Sea of Words“), Shanghai cishu chubanshe, Shanghai 2002, ISBN 7-5326-0839-5 (Article: Xidaotang)
  1. Hu Fan. S.174.
  2. The Far Eastern review, engineering, finance, commerce, Volume 15. 1919. p. 587. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
  3. Jonathan Neaman Lipman (1 July 1998). Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China. University of Washington Press. pp. 196–197. ISBN 978-0-295-80055-4.
  4. name="Lipman1998 1">Jonathan Neaman Lipman (1 July 1998). Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China. University of Washington Press. pp. 197–. ISBN 978-0-295-80055-4.
  5. Cihai, S.1811.
  6. chinaculture.org: West Khanqa (gefunden am 27. März 2010)
  7. Shoujiang Mi & Jia You, S.68.
  8. Cihai, S. 1811. - See article Tariqa.
  9. Hu Fan, S.114.
  10. Shoujiang Mi, Jia You: ("Birth and Growth of Sects and Menhuans")
  11. baike.baidu.com: Xidaotang (gefunden am 27. März 2010)

Further reading
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