Xestospongia testudinaria

Xestospongia testudinaria is a species of barrel sponge in the family Petrosiidae.

Xestospongia testudinaria
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Demospongiae
Order: Haplosclerida
Family: Petrosiidae
Genus: Xestospongia
Species:
X. testudinaria
Binomial name
Xestospongia testudinaria
Lamarck, 1815
Synonyms
  • Alcyonium testudinaria Lamarck, 1813
  • Petrosia testudinaria Lamarck, 1815
  • Reniera testudinaria Lamarck, 1815
  • Reniera crateriformis Carter, 1882[1]

Distribution

This species is found in the Philippines,[2] Australia,[1] western and central Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Malaya and New Caledonia.

Description

This species is maroon to pink, with the opening of the barrel pale white.

Specimens are often found emerging from an apparent common base. In the intertidal zones, this species ranges from 10 to 20 cm in diameter, and are about 10 to 20 cm tall.[3]

A bioactive peptide consisting of 13 amino acids, KENPVLSLVNGMF, has been identified from this species. The peptide was selectively toxic to human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), but non-toxic to non-cancerous, human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK 293 cells).[4]

Taxonomy

Xestospongia testudinaria var. fistulophora Wilson, 1925

gollark: Asynchronous Cyan™.
gollark: I am glad you have AC (asynchronous cyan) again.
gollark: Public SPUDNET? Skynet?
gollark: I might have had important things in that. I didn't check. It's probably just RAM being bee.
gollark: ... WITHOUT asking? Bee you.

References
  1. van Soest, R. (2014). Van Soest RW, Boury-Esnault N, Hooper JN, Rützler K, de Voogd NJ, de Glasby BA, Hajdu E, Pisera AB, Manconi R, Schoenberg C, Janussen D, Tabachnick KR, Klautau M, Picton B, Kelly M, Vacelet J (eds.). "Xestospongia testudinaria (Lamarck, 1815)". World Porifera database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2010-07-30. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Xestospongia testudinaria (Lamarck, 1815)". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  2. "Categories / Sponges / Petrosiidae / Xestospongia testudinaria". Poppe Images. Retrieved 2014-05-07.
  3. "Barrel sponges (Xestospongia testudinaria) on the Shores of Singapore". Wildsingapore.com. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  4. Quah, Yixian; Mohd Ismail, Nor Ismaliza; Ooi, Jillian Lean Sim; Affendi, Yang Amri; Abd Manan, Fazilah; Wong, Fai-Chu; Chai, Tsun-Thai (2018). "Identification of Novel Cytotoxic Peptide KENPVLSLVNGMF from Marine Sponge Xestospongia testudinaria, with Characterization of Stability in Human Serum". International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics. 24 (1): 189–199. doi:10.1007/s10989-017-9604-6.

Further reading
  • Lamarck, J.B.P.; De Monet, Comte De (1815) [1814]. "Suite des polypiers empâtés". Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. 1: 69–80, 162–168, 331–340.
  • Hooper, J.N.A.; Wiedenmayer, F. (1994). "Porifera". In Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. 12. pp. 1–620.


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