Witt algebra

In mathematics, the complex Witt algebra, named after Ernst Witt, is the Lie algebra of meromorphic vector fields defined on the Riemann sphere that are holomorphic except at two fixed points. It is also the complexification of the Lie algebra of polynomial vector fields on a circle, and the Lie algebra of derivations of the ring C[z,z⁻¹].

The Witt algebra is not directly related to the Witt ring of quadratic forms, or to the algebra of Witt vectors.

There are some related Lie algebras defined over finite fields, that are also called Witt algebras.

The complex Witt algebra was first defined by Cartan (1909), and its analogues over finite fields were studied by Witt in the 1930s.

Basis

A basis for the Witt algebra is given by the vector fields ${\displaystyle L_{n}=-z^{n+1}{\frac {\partial }{\partial z}}}$, for n in ${\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }$.

The Lie bracket of two vector fields is given by

${\displaystyle [L_{m},L_{n}]=(m-n)L_{m+n}.}$

This algebra has a central extension called the Virasoro algebra that is important in two-dimensional conformal field theory and string theory.

Note that by restricting n to 1,0,-1, one gets a subalgebra. Taken over the field of complex numbers, this is just the algebra ${\displaystyle sl(2,\mathbb {C} )}$ of the Lorentz group SL(2,C). Over the reals, it is the algebra sl(2,R) = su(1,1). Conversely, su(1,1) suffices to reconstruct the original algebra in a presentation.[1]

Over finite fields

Over a field k of characteristic p>0, the Witt algebra is defined to be the Lie algebra of derivations of the ring

k[z]/z^p

The Witt algebra is spanned by L_m for −1≤ m ≤ p−2.

See also

• Virasoro algebra
• Heisenberg algebra

References

1. D Fairlie, J Nuyts, and C Zachos (1988). Phys Lett B202 320-324. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(88)90478-9

• Élie Cartan, Les groupes de transformations continus, infinis, simples. Ann. Sci. Ecole Norm. Sup. 26, 93-161 (1909).
• "Witt algebra", Encyclopedia of Mathematics, EMS Press, 2001 [1994]