Williams Olefins Plant explosion

The Williams Olefins Plant explosion occurred on June 13, 2013 at a petrochemical plant located in Geismar, an unincorporated and largely industrial area 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Baton Rouge, Louisiana.[1][2][3] The explosion was triggered by the "catastrophic" failure of a heat exchanger.[4] Two workers were killed and 114 injured.[5][6] The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) launched investigations to determine how and why the heat exchanger failed.[5][7] Rafael Moure-Eraso, CSB chair, addressing the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works on June 27, said: "there was a catastrophic failure involving a heat exchanger and associated piping which broke loose from a distillation tower...It is too soon in our investigation to tell why the equipment failure occurred."[8]

Williams Olefins Plant explosion
Post-blast photograph of the heat exchanger which ruptured catastrophically, causing extensive explosion and fire damage to the plant.
DateJune 13, 2013 (2013-06-13)
Time8.37 am CDT (UTC−05:00)
LocationWilliam Olefins Inc.,
5205 LA 3115,
Geismar,
Louisiana.
Coordinates30.234238°N 91.052937°W / 30.234238; -91.052937
Deaths2
Non-fatal injuries114
Location of the Williams Olefins Plant in Louisiana.

The effects of the explosion were felt several miles away. Senator Troy Brown [D-Napoleonville], who was at his home five miles from the plant when the blast occurred, said, "For about a good two to three seconds, it felt like an earthquake."[9] A shelter-in-place order was issued to residences and businesses within a two-mile (3.2 km) radius of the plant.[10][11]

Background

The Williams Olefins Plant was established in 1968 by Allied Chemical and transferred to Williams Olefins following a merger with Union Texas Petroleum in September 1999.[12]

The plant produces ethylene, propylene and other products through steam cracking of ethane and propane.[12][13] This process uses high temperatures to break long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter-chain olefins.[14] The ethane is diluted with steam and briefly heated in a furnace without the presence of oxygen. Typical reaction temperatures are very high, at around 1,560 °F (850 °C), but the reaction is only allowed to take place very briefly. After the cracking temperature has been reached, the gas is quickly quenched in the heat exchanger to stop the reaction. The plant produces 40,000 tons (36,000 tonnes) of propylene and 650,000 tons (590,000 tonnes) of ethylene every year for use in the plastics industry.[15]

The explosion was the first major incident in the plant's history, although there had been numerous leaks of flammable gases in recent years.[12] On December 18, 2012 workers discovered "a visible leak" of propylene gas. According to a report submitted by Williams Olefins to the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), 514 pounds (233 kg) of propylene gas escaped. Williams Olefins said, "Piping corrosion under insulation is believed to be a significant factor in this incident [...] This was a small isolated corrosion location that had not been previously found."[16] The Times-Picayune of New Orleans reported that there had been leaks of 100 pounds (45 kg) each of ethylene and volatile organic compounds in 2010, 93 pounds (42 kg) of benzene in 2009, and 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg) of propylene in 2008.[16]

Investigations

Internal investigation

On October 3, 2013 Williams Olefins announced the results of their internal investigation. The company said that a rupture in the heat exchanger caused a vapor cloud "which was ignited by an unknown source, causing the explosion."[17]

OSHA investigation

On December 11, 2013 OSHA cited Williams Olefins for six process safety management standard violations, including one willful, and fined the company $99,000.[18] Dorinda Folse, OSHA's Baton Rouge area director, said: "Williams Olefins violated safety and health standards which, when followed, can protect workers from hazardous chemicals. It is the employer's responsibility to find and fix workplace safety violations and to ensure the safety of its workers. Failing to do so cost two workers their lives."[19] The five serious violations, where there was "substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result from a hazard about which the employer knew or should have known", were:

  • inadvertently mixing hot quench water with propylene
  • failing to provide appropriate pressure protection for a pressure vessel
  • failing to complete a process hazard analysis to address the opening of hot quench water flow into a pressure vessel
  • failing to properly document workplace training
  • failing to promptly correct deficiencies related to process safety management discovered by an internal compliance audit team

The willful violation—defined as one "committed with intentional, knowing or voluntary disregard for the law's requirements, or with plain indifference to worker safety and health"—was the company's failure to develop clear, written procedures for how to change and put idle pressure vessels into service.[19]

Lawsuits

In the first civil trial regarding the explosion, four workers filed suit against Williams Olefins LLC and parent company Williams Companies, Inc. for their alleged negligence.[20]

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See also

References
  1. "Williams Olefins Plant Explosion and Fire". U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. June 14, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  2. "Williams Companies Inc. olefins plant explosion". Houston Chronicle. Houston. June 14, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  3. DeLuca, Matthew (June 13, 2013). "One dead, scores injured in Louisiana chemical plant explosion". NBC News. New York City. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  4. Mitchell, David J. (June 26, 2013). "Possible causes of plant explosion probed". The Advocate. Baton Rouge. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  5. Mitchell, David J. (July 10, 2013). "Metallurgical testing key in Geismar plant explosion". The Advocate. Baton Rouge. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  6. Schleifstein, Mark (June 26, 2013). "Geismar explosion and fire released more than 31,000 pounds of toxic chemicals, company reports". The Times-Picayune. New Orleans. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  7. Wallace, Ben (June 16, 2013). "Agencies look into plant blast". The Advocate. Baton Rouge. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  8. "Testimony of Rafael Moure-Eraso, Ph.D. Chairperson, U.S. Chemical Safety Board Before the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works June 27, 2013". U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. June 27, 2013. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
  9. Mitchell, David J.; Jones, Terry L.; Ward, Steven; Denstorff, Darlene; Couvillion, Vic; Wallace, Ben; Wold, Amy; Mustian, Jim (June 25, 2013). "Hammond man killed in plant explosion". The Advocate. Baton Rouge. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  10. Valencia, Nick; Sayers, Devon (June 14, 2013). "2nd man dies after Louisiana chemical plant explosion". The Dallas Weekly. Dallas. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  11. Smith, Sandy (June 13, 2013). "Explosion Rocks Louisiana Chemical Plant, One Fatality Reported, Many Injured". EHS Today. Cleveland. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
  12. Wold, Amy (June 14, 2013). "Williams Olefins had humble beginnings". The Advocate. Baton Rouge. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  13. "Texas company wins $300 million contract for Geismar project". The Advocate. Baton Rouge. April 9, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  14. Freudenrich, Craig (October 2011). "How Oil Refining Works". HowStuffWorks. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  15. DuBose, Ben (June 13, 2013). "Explosion hits Williams Louisiana olefins plant". Hydrocarbon Processing. Houston. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  16. McGaughy, Lauren (June 14, 2013). "Geismar plant had history of noncompliance, leaks before fatal explosion". The Times-Picayune. New Orleans. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  17. Samuels, Diana (October 3, 2013). "Geismar plant explosion caused by rupture, unknown ignition source, company says". The Times-Picayune. New Orleans. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  18. Lane, Emily (December 11, 2013). "Williams Olefins fined $99,000 by OSHA for Geismar plant explosion". The Times-Picayune. New Orleans. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  19. "US Labor Department's OSHA cites Williams Olefins in Geismar, La., for 6 safety violations after an explosion killed 2 workers and injured 80 people". Occupational Safety and Health Administration. December 11, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  20. Jones, Terry (September 7, 2016). "Plaintiffs claim executives willfully ignored problems that led to deadly 2013 blast at Williams Olefins plant in Geismar". The Advocate. Plaquemine. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
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