William Young (composer)

William Young (died 23 April 1662) was an English viol player and composer of the Baroque era, who worked at the court of Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria in Innsbruck. The sonatas which he published in 1653 were some of the earliest sonatas produced by an English composer.

Biography

The details of Young's origins are unknown. By 1652 he was a chamber musician at the Innsbruck court, where "the Englishman", as he was called, was a highly regarded viol player and composer.[1] The design of his English-made viol influenced that of some of the viols built by Jakob Stainer, the Austrian luthier.[2] In 1660 Ferdinand Charles granted permission for Young to visit England, but there are no traces of his reappearance there.[3] He is not to be confused with William Young (died 1671), another musician, who played violin and flute at the court of Charles II of England from 1661.[4]

Young died on 23 April 1662 and was buried at Innsbruck's parish church, St Jakob,[5] which has since become Innsbruck Cathedral.[6]

Works

Young and Henry Butler, an English viol player working at the Spanish court, were the first English composers to call their works sonatas.[7] However, Butler died in 1652 with his three sonatas unpublished.[8] Young's 11 sonatas for two, three, and four parts and continuo, published in Innsbruck in 1653,[9] are known to have reached England.[10] In modern times, the 11 sonatas were rediscovered by William Gillies Whittaker. He found them in manuscript in Uppsala University Library in Sweden, and published them in 1930.[11]

Notes
  1. Morris(2007), pp. 51–52
  2. Cheney and Coeyman(2012), p. 222
  3. Morris(2007), p. 58
  4. Highfill, Burnim and Langhans(1993), p. 361
  5. Morris(2007), p. 51
  6. Arnold(2009), p. 287
  7. Keates(1996), p. 93
  8. Phillips(1991), p. vii
  9. Boyden(1965), pp. 237–38
  10. Keates(1996), p. 93
  11. Schaffer(1977), p. 511
gollark: You can write code without modifying variables (eeeevil mutability) easily.
gollark: It's actually surprisingly simple to do in simple languages which you can use as simple calculators and stuff.
gollark: `math.floor`, actually.
gollark: `int` probably just drops the decimal point, so *that* must be wrong.
gollark: Possibly floor is wrong.

References
  • Arnold, Rosemarie (2009). Austria. Baedeker. ISBN 978-3-8297-6613-5.
  • Boyden, David D. (1965). The History of Violin Playing from its Origins to 1761. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-816183-7.
  • Cheney, Stuart; Coeyman, Barbara (2012). "The Viola da Gamba Family". In Carter, Stewart; Kite-Powell, Jeffrey T. (eds.). A Performer's Guide to Seventeenth-Century Music. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 210–31. ISBN 978-0-253-35706-9.
  • Highfill, Philip H.; Burnim, Kalman A.; Langhans, Edward A., eds. (1993). "Young, William d. 1671". A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers & Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660–1800. 16. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Keates, Jonathan (1996). Purcell: A Biography. London: Random House. ISBN 1-55553-287-X.
  • Morris, Stephen (2007). "William Young,'Englishman'" (PDF). The Viola da Gamba Society Journal. The Viola da Gamba Society of Great Britain. 1: 51–65. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
  • Phillips, Elizabeth V., ed. (1991). Henry Butler: Collected Works, with basso continuo realizations and commentary by Jack Ashworth. Madison, WI: A-R Editions. ISBN 0-89579-263-X.
  • Schaffer, R. Murray (1977). Ezra Pound and Music: The Complete Criticism. New York: New Direction Books. ISBN 978-0-8112-1784-2.
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