William Adam of Blair Adam

The Right Hon. William Adam of Blair Adam FRSE KC (2 August 1751 – 17 February 1839) was a Scottish advocate, barrister, politician and judge. He served as Solicitor General for Scotland (1802–1805) and as Lord Chief Commissioner of the Jury Court (1815–39).[1]

Portrait by Sir Henry Raeburn

His political career was affected by his father's periodic financial problems, as sometimes the family had substantial wealth and sometimes it was in difficulties, forcing Adam to concentrate his attention on his legal practice. He rose to be Lord Lieutenant of Kinross-shire.

His most important contribution to Scottish Law was probably the introduction of trial by jury on civil (non-criminal) cases.

Biography

The appellants' case by William Adam, 1812.

William Adam was the only surviving son of Jean Ramsay and John Adam of Blairadam, architect and master mason to the Board of Ordnance in Scotland, of Maryburgh, Kinross. His uncle was the architect Robert Adam.[1]

Born in Kinross-shire, he was educated at the High School in Edinburgh, the University of Edinburgh and Christ Church, Oxford.[2] He joined Lincoln's Inn in 1769, to qualify as an English barrister. He was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1773 and was eventually called to the English bar in 1782.

Adam represented a number of constituencies in Parliament. He was MP for the rotten borough of Gatton 1774–1780. He represented Wigtown Burghs 1780–1784. He was a Treasury nominee for that seat, as a supporter of Lord North. He moved to another Scottish Burgh seat Elgin Burghs 1784–1790. In 1790–1794 he sat for Ross-shire. His last Parliamentary seat was Kincardineshire, which he represented from 1806 until he became a Judge in January 1812.

Adam took a very hard line on American issues in the early part of his political career. He was critical of his future political leader Lord North for being too conciliatory before the outbreak of fighting. However, after pursuing an independent course up to 25 November 1779 he then announced in the House of Commons that he was now going to support Lord North. After that he became a loyal friend and defender of North.

Caricature of William Adam, by James Gillray, depicting his dual with Charles James Fox

The grave of William Adam (1751–1839), Greyfriars Kirkyard

Adam particularly disliked the leading opposition figure Charles James Fox. At one stage they fought a duel. He also attacked Fox verbally in Parliament.

Adam was appointed to the minor political office of Treasurer of the Ordnance. He held this office twice, first between September 1780 and May 1782 and again April–December 1783.

On 17–18 February 1783, Adam spoke and voted against peace with the United States. After that, despite his past animosity to Charles James Fox, Adam advocated the Fox-North Coalition, as the only way to stop Lord North's party becoming politically irrelevant.

Adam was active in gathering detailed information about the Scottish constituencies, to help his political associates.

Thereafter Adam was less involved in politics as he developed his career at the English bar. Through his friendship with the Prince of Wales he was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland (1802–1805) and then Attorney General to the Prince (1805–1806). From 1806 to 1815 he was Chancellor of the Duchy of Cornwall, another office in the gift of the Prince.[2]

Adam was Lord Lieutenant of Kinross-shire from 1802 until his death. He became a friend of Sir Walter Scott. In 1812, he published Vitruvius Scoticus, a collection of his grandfather William Adam's architectural projects, which the elder William had first initiated in 1727.[3]

During the Regency of the Prince of Wales, Adam received judicial office in Scotland. Between 1814 and 1819 he was a Baron of the Scottish Court of Exchequer.[2] Adam became a member of the Privy Council on 17 March 1815. He became Lord Chief Commissioner of the Scottish jury court from 1815 until his death.

In 1832-3 his home address was 31 Charlotte Square in Edinburgh.[4]

He died in Edinburgh on 17 February 1839 and was buried at Greyfriars Kirkyard[5] He lies in the huge family vault built for his grandfather, William Adam the architect, facing his father, John Adam. The vault lies south-west of the church, in front of the Covenanters Prison.

Family

On 7 May 1777, William Adam married Eleanora Elphinstone (died 4 February 1800), daughter of Charles, 10th Lord Elphinstone. They had six children:

1. John (4 May 1779 – 4 June 1825), civil servant of the East India Company, served as acting Governor-General of India in 1823.
2. Charles (6 October 1780 – 16 September 1853), Admiral in the Royal Navy, MP,
3. William George KC (6 December 1781 – 16 May 1839), lawyer, Accountant-General of the Court of Chancery.
4. Frederick (17 June 1784 – 17 August 1853), General in the British Army, Governor of Madras 1832–37.
5. Francis James (24 March 1791 – 8 June 1820) died of yellow fever at sea with Charles
6. Clementina (died 29 October 1877), married on 27 April 1807, John Anstruther-Thomson, DL, of Charleton, Fife.[6]

Notes

1. Waterston, Charles D; Macmillan Shearer, A (July 2006). Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002: Biographical Index (PDF). I. Edinburgh: The Royal Society of Edinburgh. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
2. Chisholm 1911.
3. Colvin, Howard (1978) A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840, John Murray, p.56
4. "Edinburgh Post Office annual directory, 1832–1833". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
5. Monuments and monumental inscriptions in Scotland, The Grampian Society, 1871
6. ""Adam, of Blair Adam", in Burke's Landed Gentry of Scotland, pp.3–4" (PDF). Retrieved 3 September 2007.

References

• History of Parliament: House of Commons 1754–1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and James Brooke (Sidgwick & Jackson 1964)
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Adam, William" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 173–174.
• Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages

External links

• "Archival material relating to William Adam of Blair Adam". UK National Archives.
• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by William Adam

Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by Sir William Mayne, Bt Robert Scott	Member of Parliament for Gatton 1774–1780 With: Robert Mayne	Succeeded by Robert Mayne The Lord Newhaven
Preceded by Henry Watkin Dashwood	Member of Parliament for Wigtown Burghs 1780–1784	Succeeded by William Dalrymple
Preceded by Staats Long Morris	Member of Parliament for Elgin Burghs 1784–1790	Succeeded by Alexander Brodie
Preceded by Francis Mackenzie	Member of Parliament for Ross-shire 1790–1794	Succeeded by Francis Mackenzie
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by John Wishart Stuart	Member of Parliament for Kincardineshire 1806–1812	Succeeded by George Harley Drummond
Political offices
Preceded by Thomas Manners-Sutton	Solicitor-General of the Duchy of Cornwall 1802–1805	Succeeded by Joseph Jekyll
Preceded by Vicary Gibbs	Attorney-General of the Duchy of Cornwall 1805–1806	Succeeded by William Garrow
Preceded by Thomas Erskine	Chancellor of the Duchy of Cornwall 1806–1815	Succeeded by John Leach
Military offices
Preceded by John Ross Mackye	Treasurer of the Ordnance 1780–1782	Succeeded by William Smith
Preceded by William Smith	Treasurer of the Ordnance 1783	Succeeded by William Smith
Honorary titles
Preceded by George Graham	Lord Lieutenant of Kinross-shire 1802–1839	Succeeded by Sir Charles Adam