White bellbird

The white bellbird (Procnias albus) is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae. The specific epithet is often spelled alba, but albus is correct due to the gender of "genus". It is found in forests in the Guianas, with small numbers in Venezuela and the Brazilian state of Pará. As in two other members of Procnias, the males have wattles, fleshy structures akin to the red skin flap that hangs from the throat of roosters.

White bellbird
male at Carajás National Forest, State of Pará, Brazil.

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Cotingidae
Genus: Procnias
Species:
P. albus
Binomial name
Procnias albus
(Hermann, 1783)

Description

The white bellbird grows to a length of about 28 cm (11 in). The male is pure white with a black bill that has a fleshy black wattle, sparsely feathered with white feathers, dangling from its top and hanging down the side, usually the right side; the female is an overall olive colour, with olive streaks on the yellowish underparts, and resembles other bellbirds. The male is unlikely to be mistaken for anything else but the female resembles the bearded bellbird (Procnias averano); that bird has a dusky olive crown and black streaking on the throat.[2]

According to a study published in 2019, the white bellbird makes the loudest call ever recorded for birds, reaching 125 dB.[3][4] The record was previously held by the screaming piha with 116 dB.[5]

Status

The white bellbird has a very wide distribution and although it is an uncommon bird, its total population is estimated to be large. The population may be in slight decline because of deforestation, but not at a fast enough rate for it to be considered threatened, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]

gollark: Sure.
gollark: I think propulsion and mining would be more useful.
gollark: Maybe we could replace the people in the miniature universe with slightly smarter people, and give them better pens.
gollark: Sensors and propulsion are pretty useful, as we're meant to be surveying stuff and whatnot. Mining and power are important for infrastructure, I guess. Computing isn't too much of a problem as the magic computer box™ is only 10 minerals.
gollark: We don't really need weapons much, so that just leaves... everything else.

References
  1. BirdLife International (2012). "Procnias albus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. Ridgely, Robert S.; Tudor, Guy (2009). Field Guide to the Songbirds of South America: Vol. II, The Suboscine Passerines. University of Texas Press. p. 762. ISBN 978-0-292-71748-0.
  3. Jeffrey Podos; Mario Cohn-Haft (21 October 2019). "Extremely loud mating songs at close range in white bellbirds". Current Biology. 29 (20): R1068–R1069. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.028. PMID 31639347.
  4. "World's 'loudest bird': Meet the white bellbird". Newsbeat (video). BBC News. 22 October 2019.
  5. NEMETH, ERWIN (2004-01-01). "Measuring the Sound Pressure Level of the Song of the Screaming Piha Lipaugus Vociferans: One of the Loudest Birds in the World?". Bioacoustics. 14 (3): 225–228. doi:10.1080/09524622.2004.9753527. ISSN 0952-4622.

Further reading
  • Snow, D.W. (1982). The Cotingas: Bellbirds, Umbrella birds and their allies. British Museum Press. ISBN 0-19-858511-X
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