West Antarctic Rift System

The West Antarctic Rift System is a series of rift valleys lying between East and West Antarctica.[1] It encompasses the Ross Embayment, the Ross Sea, the area under the Ross Ice Shelf and a part of Marie Byrd Land in West Antarctica,[2] reaching to the base of the Antarctic Peninsula.[1] It has an estimated length of 3000 km and a width of approximately 700 km.[1] Its evolution is due to lithospheric thinning of an area of Antarctica that resulted in the demarcation of East and West Antarctica. The scale and evolution of the rift system has been compared to that of the Basin and Range Province of the western U.S.[1][3]

Map of Antarctica showing West Antarctic Rift System in rose shading

References
  1. Behrendt, J.C.; LeMasurier, W.E.; Cooper, A.K.; Tessensohn, F.; Tréhu, A.; Damaske, D. (1991). "Geophysical studies of the West Antarctic Rift System". Tectonics. 10 (6): 1257–1273. doi:10.1029/91TC00868.
  2. Luyendyk, Bruce P.; Wilson, Douglas S.; Siddoway, Christine S. (2003-10-01). "Eastern margin of the Ross Sea Rift in western Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica: Crustal structure and tectonic development". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 4 (10). doi:10.1029/2002GC000462. ISSN 1525-2027.
  3. Tessensohn, F., and G. Wörner. 1991. "The Ross Sea rift system, Antarctica: structure, evolution and analogues." In Geological Evolution of Antarctica, edited by M.R.A. Thomson, J.A. Crame and J.W. Thomson, 273-277. Cambridge University Press.
  4. Richard, S. M.; Smith, C. H.; Kimbrough, D. L.; Fitzgerald, P. G.; Luyendyk, B. P.; McWilliams, M. O. (1994-08-01). "Cooling history of the northern Ford Ranges, Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica". Tectonics. 13 (4): 837–857. doi:10.1029/93TC03322. ISSN 1944-9194.
  5. Cooper, A. K., P. F.  Barker, and G. Brancolini, eds. 1995. Geology and Seismic Stratigraphy of the Antarctic Margin, Atlas, CD-ROMs. Vol. 68, Antarctic Research Series. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union.
  6. Bell, R.E., M. Studinger, Karner G., Finn C.A., and D.D.  Blankenship. 2006. "Identifying Major Sedimentary Basins Beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet from Aeromagnetic Data Analysis." In Antarctica. , edited by Fütterer D.K., Damaske D., Kleinschmidt G., Miller H. and Tessensohn F., 117-121. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
  7. Wilson, Douglas S.; Luyendyk, Bruce P. (2009-08-01). "West Antarctic paleotopography estimated at the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition". Geophysical Research Letters. 36 (16). doi:10.1029/2009GL039297. ISSN 1944-8007.
  8. Granot, Roi; Dement, Jérôme (2018-08-09). "Late Cenozoic unification of East and West Antarctica". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 3189. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05270-w. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6085322. PMID 30093679.
  9. Lawver, L. A., and L. M. Gahagan. 1994. "Constraints on timing of extension in the Ross Sea region."  Terra Antartica1:545-552.
  10. Cande, S. C., and J. M. Stock. 2004. "Constraints on Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Extension in the Ross Sea from the Southwest Pacific Plate Circuit."  EOS (American Geophysical Union Transactions)85 (47): Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T14A-03.
  11. Ishihara, Takemi; Müller, R. Dietmar; Stock, Joann M.; Cande, Steven C. (2000). "Cenozoic motion between East and West Antarctica". Nature. 404 (6774): 145–150. doi:10.1038/35004501. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 10724159.
  12. Granot, R.; Cande, S. C.; Stock, J. M.; Damaske, D. (2013-01-28). "Revised Eocene-Oligocene kinematics for the West Antarctic rift system" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 40 (2): 279–284. doi:10.1029/2012GL054181. ISSN 1944-8007.
  13. Davey, F. J.; Granot, R.; Cande, S. C.; Stock, J. M.; Selvans, M.; Ferraccioli, F. (2016-06-28). "Synchronous oceanic spreading and continental rifting in West Antarctica". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (12): 6162–6169. doi:10.1002/2016GL069087. ISSN 1944-8007.
  14. Davey, F. J.; Cande, S. C.; Stock, J. M. (2006-10-01). "Extension in the western Ross Sea region-links between Adare Basin and Victoria Land Basin" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 33 (20). doi:10.1029/2006GL027383. ISSN 1944-8007.
  15. Granot, R.; Cande, S. C.; Stock, J. M.; Davey, F. J.; Clayton, R. W. (2010-08-01). "Postspreading rifting in the Adare Basin, Antarctica: Regional tectonic consequences". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 11 (8): n/a. doi:10.1029/2010GC003105. ISSN 1525-2027.
  16. Henrys, Stuart; et al. (2007-07-16). "USGS Open-File Report 2007-1047, Short Research Paper 049". Tectonic History of Mid-Miocene to Present Southern Victoria Land Basin, Inferred from Seismic Stratigraphy in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. 2007 (1047srp049). doi:10.3133/of2007-1047.srp049. ISSN 0196-1497.
  17. Sauli, C., C. C. Sorlien, M. Busetti, L. De Santis, N. Wardell, S. Henrys, R. Geletti, T. Wilson, B. Luyendyk, 2015, Neogene development of Terror Rift, western Ross Sea, Antarctica, Abstract T51F-2965 presented at 2015 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 14-18 Dec.
  18. Donnellan, Andrea; Luyendyk, Bruce (2004-07-01). "GPS evidence for a coherent Antarctic plate and for postglacial rebound in Marie Byrd Land". Global and Planetary Change. 42 (1–4): 305–311. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.02.006. ISSN 0921-8181.
  19. LeMasurier, W.E.; Thomson, J.W.; Baker, P.E.; Kyle, P.R.; Rowley, P.D.; Smellie, J.L.; Verwoerd, W.J., eds. (1990). Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. Antarctic Research Series. 48. doi:10.1029/ar048. ISBN 978-0-87590-172-5. ISSN 0066-4634.
  20. van Wyk de Vries, Maximillian; Bingham, Robert G.; Hein, Andrew S. (2017-05-29). "A new volcanic province: an inventory of subglacial volcanoes in West Antarctica". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 461 (1): 231–248. doi:10.1144/sp461.7. ISSN 0305-8719.
  21. Winberry, J. Paul; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar (2004-11-01). "Crustal structure of the West Antarctic rift system and Marie Byrd Land hotspot". Geology. 32 (11): 977–980. doi:10.1130/G20768.1. ISSN 0091-7613.
  22. Blankenship, Donald D.; Bell, Robin E.; Hodge, Steven M.; Brozena, John M.; Behrendt, John C.; Finn, Carol A. (1993). "Active volcanism beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet and implications for ice-sheet stability". Nature. 361 (6412): 526–529. doi:10.1038/361526a0. ISSN 1476-4687.
  23. Studinger, Michael; Bell, Robin E.; Blankenship, Donald D.; Finn, Carol A.; Arko, Robert A.; Morse, David L.; Joughin, Ian (2001-09-15). "Subglacial sediments: A regional geological template for ice flow in West Antarctica". Geophysical Research Letters. 28 (18): 3493–3496. doi:10.1029/2000GL011788. ISSN 1944-8007.
  24. Peters, Leo E.; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar; Alley, Richard B.; Winberry, J. Paul; Voigt, Donald E.; Smith, Andrew M.; Morse, David L. (2006-01-01). "Subglacial sediments as a control on the onset and location of two Siple Coast ice streams, West Antarctica". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 111 (B1). doi:10.1029/2005JB003766. ISSN 2156-2202.
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