Waved woodpecker

The waved woodpecker (Celeus undatus) is a species of bird in the family Picidae, the woodpeckers. It is found in the Guianas of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana; also eastern border regions of Venezuela and the northeast Amazon basin of northern Brazil including Marajo Island, Ilha de Marajo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Waved woodpecker
Male
Female at nest

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Picidae
Genus: Celeus
Species:
C. undatus
Binomial name
Celeus undatus
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Subspecies

See text

Synonyms
  • Picus undatus Linnaeus, 1766

Taxonomy

The English naturalist George Edwards described and illustrated the waved woodpecker in his Gleanings of Natural History which he published in 1764. Edwards used the English name "Red-cheeked Wood-pecker".[2] When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he included the waved woodpecker, coined the binomial name Picus undatus and cited Edwards's book. Linnaeus specified the type locality as Surinam.[3] The specific epithet undatus is Medieval Latin for "wavy" or "wavelike".[4] The waved woodpecker is now placed in the genus Celeus that was introduced by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1831.[5][6]

Three subspecies are recognised:[6]

  • C. u. amacurensis Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1950 – northeast Venezuela
  • C. u. undatus (Linnaeus, 1766) – east Venezuela, the Guianas and northeast Brazil
  • C. u. multifasciatus (Natterer & Malherbe, 1845) – northeast Brazil (south of the Amazon)

Description

The adult waved woodpecker has a length of about 23 cm (9 in). The back of the head bears a brown, shaggy tuft with faint blackish markings. The male has bright red cheeks, while the female lacks any red facial colouring, but otherwise the sexes are similar. The head and body are a blend of various shades of cinnamon, rufous, and chestnut, finely barred with black. The rump is yellowish-brown, with some dark barring. The main flight feathers are black and the tail feathers are chestnut, tipped with black. The throat is cinnamon, speckled with brown, and the underparts are buff or chestnut, densely marked with dark barrings or chevron-shaped markings. The eye is reddish brown, the beak is yellow or buff with a bluish base and the legs are grey. This bird could be confused with the scaly-breasted woodpecker, but that species has a darker head and no barring on the rump.[7]

Distribution and habitat

The waved woodpecker is found in tropical north-eastern South America. Its range extends from Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela through the Guianas to northeastern Brazil, both north and south of the Amazon River, and southwards to eastern Peru and Bolivia. It occurs in lowland rainforest, mostly below 1,000 m (3,300 ft), secondary forest and forest margins, and sometimes visits scattered trees in savannah grassland.[1][7]

Behavior and ecology

The waved woodpecker may occur singly or in pairs, and sometimes joins small mixed species foraging groups. It feeds unobtrusively on the trunks and branches of trees and among the foliage, largely foraging for ants and termites, but supplementing these with fruits, berries and seeds.[7]

Status

The waved woodpecker has a very large range and a presumed large total population, which may be declining slowly. The chief threat it faces is degradation of its forest habitat. It is a resident species, sometimes described as being uncommon, but that may in part be because of its unobtrusive behaviour. It seems tolerant of secondary habitats, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of least concern.[1]

gollark: I should assign unique IDs to the other sandbox escape bugs.
gollark: My "fix" is this:```lua--[["Fix" for bug PS#E9DCC81BSummary: `pcall(getfenv, -1)` seemingly returned the environment outside the sandbox.Based on some testing, this seems like some bizarre optimization-type feature gone wrong.It seems that something is simplifying `pcall(getfenv)` to just directly calling `getfenv` and ignoring the environment... as well as, *somehow*, `function() return getfenv() end` and such.The initial attempt at making this work did `return (fn(...))` instead of `return fn(...)` in an attempt to make it not do this, but of course that somehow broke horribly. I don't know what's going on at this point.This is probably a bit of a performance hit, and more problematically liable to go away if this is actually some bizarre interpreter feature and the fix gets optimized away.Unfortunately I don't have any better ideas. Also, I haven't tried this with xpcall, but it's probably possible, so I'm attempting to fix that too.]]local real_pcall = pcallfunction _G.pcall(fn, ...) return real_pcall(function(...) local ret = {fn(...)} return unpack(ret) end, ...)end local real_xpcall = xpcallfunction _G.xpcall(fn, handler) return real_xpcall(function() local ret = {fn()} return unpack(ret) end, handler)end```which appears to work at least?
gollark: Fixed, but I don't really know how or why.
gollark: ... should I create a bug report?
gollark: It returns two, actually. The second one. I don't know *what* the first one is doing.

References
  1. BirdLife International (2019). "Celeus undatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. Edwards, George (1764). Gleanings of Natural History, exhibiting figures of quadrupeds, birds, insects, plants &c... Part 3. London: Printed for the author, at the College of Physicians. pp. 258 Plate 332.
  3. Linnaeus, Carl (1766). Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Volume 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 175.
  4. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 395. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. Boie, Friedrich (1831). "Bemerkungen über Species und einige ornithologische Familien und Sippen". Isis von Oken (in German). Cols 538–548 [542].
  6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Woodpeckers". IOC World Bird List Version 10.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  7. Gorman, Gerard (2014). Woodpeckers of the World: A Photographic Guide. Firefly Books. p. 367. ISBN 177085309X.
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