Warburg element

The Warburg diffusion element is an equivalent electrical circuit component that models the diffusion process in dielectric spectroscopy. That element is named after German physicist Emil Warburg.

A Warburg impedance element can be difficult to recognize because it is nearly always associated with a charge-transfer resistance (see charge transfer complex) and a double layer capacitance (see double layer (interfacial)), but is common in many systems. The presence of the Warburg element can be recognised if a linear relationship on the log of a Bode plot (log|Z| versus log(ω)) exists with a slope of value –1/2.

General equation

The Warburg diffusion element (Z_W) is a constant phase element (CPE), with a constant phase of 45° (phase independent of frequency) and with a magnitude inversely proportional to the square root of the frequency by:

{Z_{W}}={\frac {A_{W}}{\sqrt {\omega }}}+{\frac {A_{W}}{j{\sqrt {\omega }}}}

{|Z_{W}|}={\sqrt {2}}{\frac {A_{W}}{\sqrt {\omega }}}

where A_W is the Warburg coefficient (or Warburg constant), j is the imaginary unit and ω is the angular frequency.

This equation assumes semi-infinite linear diffusion,[1] that is, unrestricted diffusion to a large planar electrode.

Finite-length Warburg element

If the thickness of the diffusion layer is known, the finite-length Warburg element[2] is defined as:

{Z_{O}}={\frac {1}{Y_{0}}}\tanh(B{\sqrt {j\omega }})

where $B={\frac {\delta }{\sqrt {D}}}$ ,

where $\delta$ is the thickness of the diffusion layer and D is the diffusion coefficient.

There are two special conditions of finite-length Warburg elements: the Warburg Short (W_S) for a transmissive boundary, and the Warburg Open (W_O) for a reflective boundary.

Warburg Short (W_S)

This element describes the impedance of a finite-length diffusion with transmissive boundary.[3] It is described by the following equation:

Z_{W_{S}}={\frac {A_{W}}{\sqrt {j\omega }}}\tanh(B{\sqrt {j\omega }})

Warburg Open (W_O)

This element describes the impedance of a finite-length diffusion with reflective boundary.[4] It is described by the following equation:

Z_{W_{O}}={\frac {A_{W}}{\sqrt {j\omega }}}\coth(B{\sqrt {j\omega }})

gollark: I probably know more maths things™ than people from around then generally did, but not much of the history or motivation or how they did things without modern calculators and such.

gollark: Anyway, see, cyber, your knowledge of modern-day things are probably *not* amazing cutting-edge knowledge until maybe 1600, but then you can't do much because they lack the technology to do much.

gollark: If you want "much better computers" it will be harder, of course.

gollark: What? No, you can probably get "better computers" just by sending better designs to TSMC.

gollark: Although you'd have to deal more with problems of electrical engineering than actual computing.

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] ttp://www.consultrsr.net/resources/eis/diffusion.htm

[2] ttp://www.ecochemie.nl/download/Applicationnotes/Autolab_Application_Note_EIS03.pdf

[3] ttp://www.abc.chemistry.bsu.by/vi/analyser/parameters.html

[4] ttp://www.abc.chemistry.bsu.by/vi/analyser/parameters.html