Viral gametocytic hypertrophy

Viral gametocytic hypertrophy is a pathological condition observed in the Pacific oyster.

The condition was first discovered in Maine in 1973,[1] and was later observed in Germany[2] Ireland,[3] Spain[4] and South Korea.[5]

It involves the presence of basophilic inclusions in the gonads and the presence of virus particles that have been classified as papovaviruses/[5] papillomaviruses-polyomaviruses. They may be propagated during spawning or by vertical transmission[1] and have an icosahedral shape.[4] Ovocytes appear to be among the infected cells and their nuclei are hypertrophic, and the host does not noticeably respond with an immune response.[3] A hypertrophy has also been observed in spermatocytes;[2] in general an enlargement of the gametes is observed.[1] Such viruses have been found in Australian and North American oysters as well. The health of the oysters is not noticeably affected by viral gametocytic hypertrophy.[5][3][1][4]

References
  1. Garcia, Céline; Robert, Maeva; Arzul, Isabelle; Chollet, Bruno; Joly, Jean-Pierre; Miossec, Laurence; Comtet, Thierry; Berthe, Franck (23 June 2006). "Viral gametocytic hypertrophy of Crassostrea gigas in France: from occasional records to disease emergence?". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 70 (3): 193–199. doi:10.3354/dao070193. ISSN 0177-5103. PMID 16903230.
  2. Watermann, B. T.; Herlyn, M.; Daehne, B.; Bergmann, S.; Meemken, M.; Kolodzey, H. (1 August 2008). "Pathology and mass mortality of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), in 2005 at the East Frisian coast, Germany". Journal of Fish Diseases. 31 (8): 621–630. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00953.x. ISSN 1365-2761. PMID 18700939.
  3. Cheslett, D; Mc Kiernan, F; Hickey, C; Collins, E (25 February 2009). "Viral gametocytic hypertrophy of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in Ireland". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 83 (3): 181–185. doi:10.3354/dao02020. PMID 19402451.
  4. Iglesias, David; Rodríguez, Luis; Gómez, Luis; Azevedo, Carlos; Montes, Jaime (November 2012). "Histological survey of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) in Galicia (NW Spain)". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 111 (3): 244–251. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2012.08.015. ISSN 0022-2011. PMID 22985902.
  5. Choi, Dong Lim; Lee, Nam-Sil; Choi, Hee Jung; Park, Myoung-Ae; McGladdery, Sharon E.; Park, Mi Seon (11 June 2004). "Viral gametocytic hypertrophy caused by a papova like virus infection in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in Korea". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 59 (3): 205–209. doi:10.3354/dao059205. ISSN 0177-5103. PMID 15264716.
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