Viola renifolia

Viola renifolia is a species of violet known by the common names white violet and kidneyleaf violet. It is native to northern North America, where it has a widespread distribution across Canada and the northern United States as far south as Washington, Colorado, and New York.[1]

Viola renifolia

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Species:
V. renifolia
Binomial name
Viola renifolia

Kidneyleaf violet is a perennial herb growing up to 10 centimeters tall. It does not have stems, rhizomes, or stolons. The kidney-shaped leaf blades are 3 to 6 centimeters long and are borne on petioles up to 15 centimeters long. The flower is 1 to 1.5 centimeters long and white in color with purple lines on the lower three petals. The fruit is a purplish capsule.[1][2]

This violet grows in white spruce and black spruce forests, and temperate coniferous forests. Near the Great Lakes it grows in swamps and wooded areas.[1]

Conservation status in the United States

It is listed as endangered in Connecticut, [3] as threatened in Iowa, as extirpated in Pennsylvania, and as sensitive in Washington. [4]

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References
  1. Williams, Tara Y. (1990). "Viola renifolia". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory – via https://www.feis-crs.org/feis/.
  2. "Viola renifolia". The Nature Conservancy.
  3. "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015" (PDF). State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 March 2018. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  4. "Plants Profile for Viola renifolia (white violet)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 24 September 2018.


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