Vilhelm Thomsen

Vilhelm Ludwig Peter Thomsen (25 January 1842 – 12 May 1927) was a Danish linguist and Turkologist. He successfully deciphered the Orkhon inscriptions which were discovered during the expedition of Nikolai Yadrintsev in 1889. [1]

Vilhelm Thomsen
Born	Vilhelm Ludwig Peter Thomsen (1842-01-25)25 January 1842 Copenhagen
Died	12 May 1927(1927-05-12) (aged 85) Copenhagen
Nationality	Danish
Alma mater	University of Copenhagen
Occupation	professor linguist Turkologist
Awards	Order of the Elephant

Biography

Vilhelm Thomsen was born in Copenhagen. He was the son of Chamber Councillor (kammerråd) Ludvig Frederik Thomsen and the elder brother of painter and illustrator Carl Thomsen (1847– 1912). [2]

He studied at the University of Copenhagen in 1859, graduating in 1867 and earning a Ph.D. in 1869 with a dissertation on Germanic loanwords in Finnic. He taught Greek at the Borgerdyd school in Copenhagen before becoming a professor at the University of Copenhagen; From 1875 he was an associate professor of comparative linguistics at the University of Copenhagen, and in 1887 he was appointed professor. [3]

In 1876 he was invited to give the Ilchester Lectures at the University of Oxford, which were later published as The Relations Between Ancient Russia and Scandinavia, and the Origin of the Russian State.[4]

Thomsen made a number of important contributions to linguistics, including his work on the Germanic, Baltic, and Indo-Iranian influences on Finnic.[5] In 1893, he deciphered the Turkic Orkhon inscriptions in advance of Russian linguist Wilhelm Radloff (1837–1918). Vilhelm Thomsen first published the translation in French in 1899. He then published another interpretation in Danish in 1922 with a more complete translation. [6]

According to an article on "The history of Uralic linguistics" by Bo Wickman (1988:808),

The Danish scholar Vilhelm Thomsen (1842–1927) was one of the greatest linguists of all times. He was active in an astoundingly great number of linguistic disciplines, and he was equally masterful in all of them.

Honours

• In 1912 he received membership of the Order of the Elephant.

• Thomsen is honored on a stela set up in central Copenhagen along with three other Danish pioneers of modern linguistics; Rasmus Rask, Niels Ludvig Westergaard and Karl Verner.

• Thomsen was President of the Danish Academy from 1909 until his death, and was an honorary member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.[7]

• Wilhelm Thomsen Caddesi is a street is named after him in Ankara, Turkey, on which the National Library of Turkey is located.

Selected publications

• The relations between ancient Russia and Scandinavia and the origin of the Russian state. Three lectures delivered at the Taylor Institution, Oxford, in May, 1876, in accordance with the terms of Lord Ilchester's bequest to the University
• 1896: Inscriptions De L'Orkhon Déchiffrées
• On the influence of the Germanic languages on the Finnish-Lappish

See also

• Old Turkic script

References

1. Konow, Sten. 1927. Vilhelm Thomson. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, No. 4 (October 1927): 929–934.
2. "Carl Thomsen - maler". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
3. "Thomsen, Vilhelm Ludvig Peter f. 1842". Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
4. Vilhelm Thomsen, The Relations Between Ancient Russia and Scandinavia, and the Origin of the Russian State (B. Franklin, 1877)
5. Konow 1927
6. Ross, E. Denison (1930). "The Orkhon Inscriptions: Being a Translation of Professor Vilhelm Thomsen's Final Danish Rendering". Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London. 5 (4): 861–76.
7. Konow 1927

Sources

• Brøndal, Viggo. 1927. "L'œuvre de Vilhelm Thomsen." Acta philologica scandinavica 2:289–318. København.
• Wickman, Bo. 1988. "The history of Uralic linguistics." In The Uralic Languages: Description, History and Foreign Influences, edited by Denis Sinor. Leiden: Brill.