Viktor Kingissepp

Viktor Kingissepp (24 March [O.S. 12 March] 1888 in Karmel (now Kaarma) – 4 May 1922 in Tallinn) was an Estonian communist politician, the leader of the Estonian Communist Party.

This article is about the person. For the city in Russia, see Kingisepp.

Viktor Kingissepp

The son of a factory worker, he joined a Marxist circle as a schoolboy in Arensburg (now Kuressaare) (which was renamed Kingissepp in 1952, but was restored to its original Estonian name in 1988), and organised the Estonian section of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, in St Petersburg. During the war with Germany, he was put in charge of a medical train on the Western Front. After the February revolution, he returned to Petrograd (as St Petersburg was now named), and joined the Bolsheviks and the Red Guards. After the Bolshevik Revolution, he was deputy chairman of the Estonian Revolutionary Soviet in Reval (now Tallinn), but fled back to Petrograd after Estonia was occupied by the German army. He joined the Cheka, and in August 1918 carried out the arrest of Fanny Kaplan, who had shot and attempted to kill Lenin. He returned to Estonia on November 1918 to organise the banned Estonian Communist Party, and presided over its first congress in November 1920. He was arrested by the Estonian Political Police on 3 May 1922, after a mass May Day demonstration in Tallinn, and executed that same night.[1]

Legacy

The Soviet Russian government renamed the town of Yamburg to "Kingisepp" in his honour. An Estonian town Kuressaare on Saaremaa island was also renamed to "Kingissepp" to honour him. Many Estonian towns had their own Viktor Kingissepa Street during the Soviet era.[2]

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References
  1. Vaino, K (24 March 1988). "A Fiery Soul - the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of V.E.Kingissepp". Pravda (Moscow).
  2. "KNAB". EKI. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
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