Vigo County Courthouse

The Vigo County Courthouse is a courthouse in Terre Haute, Indiana. The seat of government for Vigo County, the courthouse was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Vigo County Courthouse
Location in Vigo County Show map of Vigo County, Indiana Location in Indiana Show map of Indiana Location in United States Show map of the United States
General information
Architectural style	Second Empire
Address	33 So.3rd St
Town or city	Terre Haute, Indiana
Country	United States
Coordinates	39°27′57″N 87°24′52″W
Elevation	506 feet above sea level[1]
Construction started	August 1884
Completed	1888
Inaugurated	June 7, 1888
Cost	$443,000 at original completion
Owner	Vigo County, Indiana
Height	284 feet
Dimensions
Diameter	226 feet (NS) and 277 feet (EW)
Design and construction
Architect	Samuel Hannaford
Vigo County Courthouse
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Area	74,515 square feet
NRHP reference No.	83000160 [2]
Added to NRHP	June 30, 1983
Main contractor	Terre Haute Stone Co.

Original courthouse

Temporary meeting place

Vigo County was formed in 1818 by the Indiana General Assembly and construction of the county's first courthouse began that year. In the meantime, the temporary courthouse was the Eagle and Lion Tavern on the corner of Wabash Avenue and Second Street.[3]

Construction

The original Vigo County Courthouse, 1818-1866.

Early records show that on May 13, 1818, Nathaniel P. Huntington was allowed $10 for drawing up bonds; John M. Coleman $350 in part pay for building foundations; William Durham $400 in part pay for building walls, and Elihu Hovey and John Brocklebank $300 in part pay for building Court House. In November 1818, public records show that Charles B. Modesitt was allowed $25 for "clearing off the public square," indicating that the work of building the Court House began in 1818, though the structure was not completed until 1822.

This original structure was brick with a broad arched transom and an interior with elevated box seats and steps. A center aisle ran through the center of the building, dividing the structure into a south side dedicated to seating and a north side for the express use of the court and room for a judge's bench, lawyers' tables and a jury box.[4]

Community importance

The bottom floor of the courthouse was completed in 1822 and quickly became the place for court business, political gatherings, elections, public town meetings, lectures, sermons and more. Sometime in 1834-35, Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon held meetings there defending the fledgling Latter Day Saint movement.[4] In the 1850s, George W. Julian delivered an Abolition speech in the courthouse, where an angry mob gathered to prevent him from speaking but eventually departed.[3]

Numerous notable lawyers from the region began their careers at the first Vigo County Courthouse, including Thomas H. Blake, James Whitcomb, Elisha Mills Huntington and Edward A. Hannegan.[4]

Colonel Francis Vigo

On July 4, 1832, Colonel Francis Vigo, the county's namesake, traveled from his home in Vincennes, Indiana, to visit Terre Haute and the urging of some of its prominent citizens.[4] Impressed by the city, Vigo remembered the courthouse in his will (dated December 9, 1834) by a gift of $500 to Vigo County to be used "in the purchase of a bell for the courthouse of said county, on which will be inscribed 'Presented by Francis Vigo.'"[3]

Need for a new courthouse

This structure served until 1866. In 1868, the structure was declared unfit for use. A temporary courthouse was established in a four-story brick building on the corner of Third and Ohio streets until a more permanent structure could be built. It was assumed that the original courthouse would be fixed and return to use, but this never occurred, and the temporary structure ended up being used for 22 years. The building of a new courthouse was stalled in part by squabbling among the city council and a special election in May 1871 in which the vote was 450 for and nearly 4,000 against the project, where it was then ordered that no new courthouse be built at that time.

Second courthouse

The Vigo County Courthouse, circa 1894.

The second courthouse is a Second Empire-style structure designed by Cincinnati architect Samuel Hannaford.[5]

Construction

Work began on the current structure when a 10,000-pound cornerstone was laid on August 28, 1884, with ceremonies sponsored by the Freemasons with a principal address by the Honorable D. W. Voorhees. This event was attended by many from the surrounding country as well as adjacent towns in Illinois.[3]

Designed by Cincinnati architect Samuel Hannaford, the building was constructed by the Terre Haute Stone Company at a cost of $443,000. The courthouse is made from Indiana limestone gathered from Stinesville, Indiana quarries.[1] Cast-iron work in the roof and dome as well as windows and cresting were completed by Phoenix Foundry and Machine Works.[3][6]^{:Part 1, p. 29–30}

Originally, the main floor consisted of offices, with two large, high-ceiling courtrooms on the second floor. Elegantly finished and furnished, the courthouse was heated with steam from a detached building to the south and featured a hydraulic elevator.[3]

In accordance with the will of Francis Vigo, the courthouse features a two-ton bell made in 1887. The bell was bought for $2,500, partially funded by the money left in Vigo's will.

The courthouse was dedicated on June 7, 1888.

The courthouse is of similar style to the Vanderburgh County Courthouse.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.[5]

Gallery

• 
  View from the east
• 
  Dome and belltower
• 
  View from the west
• 
  Details at top of column
• 
  Details
• 
  Entrance
• 
  The dome after restoration

References

1. Greninger, Howard. "Vigo County Courthouse: Historic building currently being renovated". Tribune-Star. Terre Haute, Indiana. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
2. "Vigo County Courthouse". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2010-05-13.
3. Bradsby, H.C. (1891). History of Vigo County, Indiana, with Biographical Selections. Chicago: S. B. Nelson & Co. pp. 87, 139, 488, 574.
4. Condit, Blackford (1900). The History of Early Terre Haute from 1816-1840. New York: A. S. Barnes. pp. 66–70.
5. "Downtown Terre Haute Multiple Resource Area: Vigo County Courthouse". National Park Service. Retrieved December 29, 2017. With two photos from 1979 and c.1895.
6. "Indiana State Historic Architectural and Archaeological Research Database (SHAARD)" (Searchable database). Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology. Retrieved 2016-07-01. Note: This includes Alan Goebes (March 1983). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Historic Resources of Downtown Terre Haute (Part 1)" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-07-01. and Alan Goebes (March 1983). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Historic Resources of Downtown Terre Haute (Part 2)" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-07-01.

External links

• Media related to Vigo County Courthouse at Wikimedia Commons