Vietnamese family life
In Vietnam, the family is considered a foundation of culture and society.[1] It also continues to set a high moral tone and the government takes advantage of this to pursue its objectives, particularly in the effort to create the Vietnamese "new society."[2] Family life, hence, reflects influences of traditional Vietnamese values, the French colonial past,[1] and state interventions.
Kinship system
By tradition, the head of the Vietnamese family (Vietnamese: gia đình or nhà) is the husband, named gia trưởng. Many families which have the same origin compose a "line of the blood", called đại gia đình or gia tộc or họ. The head of a đại gia đình is the man who is at the highest status in the đại gia đình, named tộc trưởng. According to the Vietnamese creation myth, all Vietnamese people descend from two progenitors Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ.
Nine generations (Vietnamese: thế hệ or đời) are recognized in terms, including:
Kỵ (Kỵ ông/ Kỵ bà) : my great-grandparents' parents (my great-grandparents' father/mother)
Cụ (Cụ ông/ Cụ bà) : my great-grandparents (my great-grandfather/great grandmother)
Ông bà : my grandparents (my grandfather/grandmother)
Cha Mẹ : my parents (father/mother)
Ta/Tôi : I
Con (Con trai/Con gái) : my children (my son/daughter)
Cháu (Cháu trai/Cháu gái) : my grandchildren (my grandson/granddaughter)
Chắt (Chắt trai/chắt gái): my great-grandchildren My great-grandson/great-granddaughter)
Chút (or Chít)(Chút trai/Chút gái): my great-grandchildren's children (my great-grandchildren's son/daughter)
Usually, there are three generations are in co-residence, called tam đại đồng đường.
Horizontally, there are brothers/sisters that share our same parent, named anh chị em ruột and cousins who share the same grandparents, named anh chị em họ. The adopted brothers/sisters are anh chị em nuôi. The half-brother/sisters who share the same father but different mothers are anh chị em dị bào and the half-brothers/sisters who share the same mother but different fathers are anh chị em đồng mẫu dị phụ. The husband of the sisters are anh/em rể and the wife of the brothers are chị/em dâu. The brothers/sisters of the husband are anh chị em chồng and the brothers/sisters of our wife are anh chị em vợ. Two men whose wives are sisters are anh em cọc chèo and two women whose husbands are brothers are chị em dâu.
Parents
There are three types of fathers (Vietnamese: tam phụ) and eight types of mothers (Vietnamese: bát mẫu).
- Tam phụ are:
Thân phụ: our blood-father.
Giá phụ or cha dượng or cha ghẻ: our mother's present husband
Dưỡng phụ: our adopted father.
- Bát mẫu are:
Đích mẫu: our father's official first wife.
Kế mẫu: our father's wife who replace the position of kế mẫu in case that kế mẫu has died.
Dưỡng mẫu: our adopted mother, does not belong to our family.
Từ mẫu: our adopted mother, belonging to our family.
Thứ mẫu: our blood-mother who is an official non-first wife.
Giá mẫu: our blood-mother, who has remarried after our blood-father died.
Xuất mẫu: our blooded mother, who has divorced or separated from our blood-father.
Nhũ mẫu: our wetnurse (i.e. an unrelated woman who breastfed them)
Children must follow their parents' instructions and accept their restrictions. This principle is named đạo hiếu.
Marriage
See also Traditional Vietnamese wedding
An engagement ceremony usually takes place half a year or so before the wedding. In the past, most marriages (Vietnamese: hôn nhân) were arranged by the parents or extended family, and while children were sometimes consulted, it was nearly always the parents' final decision. It was not unusual for the bride and groom to meet for the first time at the day of their engagement. However, in the last few decades, Vietnamese women and men marry based on love rather than arranged marriages. This level of freedom is attributed to the influence of the French during Vietnam's colonization.[1]
Name
A Vietnamese name consists of three components, họ, tên đệm, and tên gọi.
Họ is the name of the person's line of blood.
Tên đệm is the person's middle name.
Tên is the person's given name.
Personal pronoun
Vietnamese personal pronouns are formed according to the position of the speakers and listeners in their families.
House
Vietnamese nuclear families usually live together in the same house. Matured and married children cannot live independently without the permission of their parents. Therefore, in Vietnamese language, the word for house: nhà also means family.
Role of the state
The Vietnamese government plays a strong role in the family life of its citizens. This follows the idea that the family is one of the most important factors when addressing threats such as what the state referred to as "social evils" (e.g. drug use, prostitution, and HIV/AIDS).[2] A guideline released in 1995, for instance, prescribes that everyone maintains "clean, healthy, and faithful lifestyle."[2] The state also exerted its authority when the economic reform called Đổi Mới was adopted and it included a restrictive reproductive policy.[3] The position was that, for sound, medical and material reasons, Vietnamese families will attain happiness (hanh phuc) if they follow family planning, among other state recommendations.[3]
See also
References
- Antje, Reichert (2013). Generational Change in Vietnam from Female Point of View: An empirical analysis of differences in family and education patterns. Munich: GRIN Verlag. p. 4. ISBN 9783656362654.
- Drummond, Lisa; Thomas, Mandy (2005). Consuming Urban Culture in Contemporary Vietnam. London: Routledge. p. 117. ISBN 0203987942.
- Belanger, Daniel; Barbieri, Magali (2009). Reconfiguring Families in Contemporary Vietnam. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804771122.
- Vietnamese book: "Nếp cũ- Trong họ ngoài làng- Ta về ta tắm ao ta- Phong tục xưa đối với phụ nữ Việt Nam' (Author: Toan Ánh).