Valley of the Drums
The Valley of the Drums is a 23-acre (9.3 hectare) toxic waste site in northern Bullitt County, Kentucky, near Louisville, named after the waste-containing drums strewn across the area. After it had been collecting waste since the 1960s, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) analyzed the property and creek in 1979, finding high levels of heavy metal, polychlorinated biphenyls, and some 140 other chemical substances. It is known as one of the primary motivations for the passage of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or Superfund Act of 1980. While the widely publicized Love Canal disaster is often credited as the reason the Superfund law was passed, Love Canal activist Lois Gibbs has said that Love Canal looked like a suburban community, while "Valley of the Drums became the visualization of the problem."[1] Officially, cleanup began at the site in 1983 and ended in 1990, though later problems have been reported and investigated.
| Valley of the Drums | |
|---|---|
| Superfund site | |
 The Valley of the Drums, c 1980. EPA photo. | |
| Geography | |
| County | Bullitt County |
| State | Kentucky |
| Coordinates | 38°4′55.9″N 85°43′25.0″W |
  Valley of the Drums | |
| Information | |
| CERCLIS ID | KYD980500961 |
| Responsible parties | A.L. Taylor (inferred) |
| Progress | |
| Proposed | December 30, 1982 |
| Listed | September 8, 1983 |
| Construction completed | August 10, 1990 |
| Deleted | May 17, 1996 |
| List of Superfund sites | |
History
Dumping and pollution
The Valley of the Drums is a 23-acre (9.3 hectare) toxic waste site in Brooks, Kentucky[2] in northern Bullitt County, near Louisville. It became a collection point for toxic wastes starting sometime in the 1960s. It caught the attention of state officials when some of the drums caught fire and burned for more than a week in 1966. At that time there were no laws to address the storage or containment of toxic wastes, and the site continued to be unregulated for another decade. In 1977, the owner (also inferred to be the primary "dumper") of the site, A.L. Taylor, died. It is unclear who owned the property subsequently, and county tax records show that the property taxes have gone unpaid for several years.
In 1978, a Kentucky Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection (KDNREP) investigation of the property revealed that over 100,000 drums of waste were delivered to the site, of which 27,000 drums were buried and the remaining containers were discharged directly into pits and trenches. Over a period of time, the conditions of many of the drums on site deteriorated and the contents spilled onto the ground where they were flushed into a nearby creek by storm water runoff. Frequent complaints about strong odors along the creek bed were received from adjacent property owners.
Cleanup and legislation
In 1979, large quantities of contaminants were carried into the creek by the spring snow melts, which caused the EPA to respond immediately. The EPA analyzed the property and creek, finding high levels of heavy metal, polychlorinated biphenyls, and some 140 other chemical substances. The same year, the EPA initiated an emergency clean-up of the worst of the leaking drums. Workers on the ground quickly realized that the scope of the problem was far beyond their abilities. After news of the problems there became public, the site was used by members of Congress as one of the reasons the proposed Superfund law was needed. While the widely publicized Love Canal disaster is often credited as the reason the Superfund law was passed, Love Canal activist Lois Gibbs has said that Love Canal looked like a suburban community, while "Valley of the Drums became the visualization of the problem."[1]
Cleanup began at the site in 1983 and officially ended in 1990, although problems continued to be reported for many years. An environmental audit of the site in 2003 found PCBs in the sediment surrounding the area, and further testing was ordered.
In December, 2008, EPA inspectors found about four dozen rusted metal drums on land just outside the part of the dump that it capped and fenced in the 1980s, including a portion of Jefferson Memorial Forest. New cleanup work was being considered at the site as of December 15, 2008.
See also
- List of Superfund sites in the United States
- Hazardous waste in the United States
References
- James Bruggers (December 14, 2008). "Toxic legacy revisited: Valley of the Drums, 30 years later". The Courier-Journal. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
- Taylor, A.L. "(Valley of Drums) Site Profile". cumulis.epa.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-02.