Urocerus japonicus

Urocerus japonicus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Siricidae
Genus:	Urocerus
Species:	U. japonicus
Binomial name
	Urocerus japonicus; (Smith, 1874)[1]

Urocerus japonicus, commonly known as the Japanese horntail, is a species of sawfly, native to southeastern Asia. Studies show that the dispersal distance of the female is higher than the male.[2] The fungal species Amylostereum laevigatum had its first appearance in Japan via this sawfly.[3]

Ecology

This horntail lays its eggs in the trunk or branches of the Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) or the Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) and the larvae feed on the sapwood. When ovipositing, the horntail introduces a symbiont fungus which either provides essential nutrients for the larvae, or which produces enzymes which help decompose the lignin or cellulose in the wood. The staining produced by the fungus reduces the commercial value of the timber.[4]

The horntail carries arthrospores of the fungus in a pair of small sacs on the abdomen known as "mycangia". A newly emerged adult female makes a short dispersal flight before drilling several holes in the bark of a suitable tree, depositing eggs and arthrospores from the mycangia in each hole.[5]

gollark: Thus, bee you.

gollark: Which you did by cancelling it and others like it.

gollark: Learning one language is easier than two.

gollark: What if we support both Python and Brotlipython?

gollark: You essentially did by writing rules which forbid it?

References

"Urocerus japonicus (Smith, 1874)". Taxon profile. BioLib. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
Miyata, Hiroaki; Maeto, Kaoru; Sato, Shigeho (2000). "Dispersal distance of adult Japanese horntail Urocerus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) which causes wood discoloration damage". Applied Entomology and Zoology. 35 (3): 333–337. doi:10.1303/aez.2000.333. ISSN 0003-6862.
Tabata, Masanobu; Abe, Yasuhisa (1997). "Amylostereum laevigatum associated with the Japanese horntail, Urocerus japonicus". Mycoscience. 38 (4): 421–427. doi:10.1007/BF02461682. ISSN 1618-2545.
Slippers, Bernard; de Groot, Peter; Wingfield, Michael John (2011). The Sirex Woodwasp and its Fungal Symbiont:: Research and Management of a Worldwide Invasive Pest. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 95–96. ISBN 978-94-007-1960-6.
Fukuda, Hideshi; Hijii, Naoki (1997). "Reproductive Strategy of a Woodwasp with No Fungal Symbionts, Xeris spectrum (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)". Oecologia. 112 (4): 551–556. Bibcode:1997Oecol.112..551F. doi:10.1007/s004420050344. JSTOR 4221812.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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[1] "Urocerus japonicus (Smith, 1874)". Taxon profile. BioLib. Retrieved 2019-05-31.

[2] Miyata, Hiroaki; Maeto, Kaoru; Sato, Shigeho (2000). "Dispersal distance of adult Japanese horntail Urocerus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) which causes wood discoloration damage". Applied Entomology and Zoology. 35 (3): 333–337. doi:10.1303/aez.2000.333. ISSN 0003-6862.

[3] Tabata, Masanobu; Abe, Yasuhisa (1997). "Amylostereum laevigatum associated with the Japanese horntail, Urocerus japonicus". Mycoscience. 38 (4): 421–427. doi:10.1007/BF02461682. ISSN 1618-2545.

[Slippers-4] Slippers, Bernard; de Groot, Peter; Wingfield, Michael John (2011). The Sirex Woodwasp and its Fungal Symbiont:: Research and Management of a Worldwide Invasive Pest. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 95–96. ISBN 978-94-007-1960-6.

[5] Fukuda, Hideshi; Hijii, Naoki (1997). "Reproductive Strategy of a Woodwasp with No Fungal Symbionts, Xeris spectrum (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)". Oecologia. 112 (4): 551–556. Bibcode:1997Oecol.112..551F. doi:10.1007/s004420050344. JSTOR 4221812.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)