Unio crassus
Unio crassus, the thick shelled river mussel, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.
| Thick shelled river mussel | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Unio crassus from Lužnice River, Czech Republic | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Unionida |
| Family: | Unionidae |
| Genus: | Unio |
| Species: | U. crassus |
| Binomial name | |
| Unio crassus | |
Ecology
As part of newly discovered reproductive behaviour, this mollusc crawls up to the edge of the water, exposing its excurrent aperture, and then lets loose a stream of water. The fountain of water often contains glochidia, and it is suggested that this spurting behavior may facilitate dispersal of mussel larvae[3] (video).[4]
Decline
The thick shelled river mussel declined during the 20th century everywhere in Europe due to deteriorating water quality,[5] habitat fragmentation and host fish limitation.[6]
Distribution
Its native distribution is Europe and Western Asia.[1][7]
- It is mentioned in annexes II and IV of Habitats Directive.
- Croatia
- Czech Republic - in Bohemia, in Moravia,[8] endangered (EN).[9][10] Its conservation status in 2004-06 was unfavourable (U2) according to a report for the European Commission in accordance with the Habitats Directive.[11]
- Finland - in southern Finland. Vulnerable.[12]
- France[13]
- Germany - critically endangered (vom Aussterben bedroht)[14] In Germany this bivalve has disappeared from 90% of its former range.
- Netherlands - locally extinct. In the Netherlands it has not been seen alive after 1968 and is most likely extinct in that country.[15][16]
- Poland - endangered[17]
- Slovakia - nearly threatened[18]
- Sweden - very rare[19]
- Denmark - very rare[20]
gollark: Well, yes, but it means you *can* use `load`.
gollark: https://github.com/SquidDev-CC/CC-Tweaked/blob/master/src/main/resources/assets/computercraft/lua/bios.lua#L5-L51
gollark: Sure it can.
gollark: `loadstring` or `load` the environment with a custom env table, and then that env table will, I think, contain the globals after that gets run.
gollark: You can do that without classes...
References
- Van Damme, D. (2011). "Unio crassus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- "Unio crassus Philipsson in Retzius, 1788". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
- Vicentini, Heinrich (2005-11-01). "Unusual spurting behaviour of the freshwater mussel Unio crassus". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 71 (4): 409–410. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyi045. ISSN 0260-1230.
- Karel Douda (2017-10-26), Spurting Mussel (Unio crassus), retrieved 2017-10-26
- Douda, Karel (2010). "Effects of nitrate nitrogen pollution on Central European unionid bivalves revealed by distributional data and acute toxicity testing". Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 20 (2): 189–197. doi:10.1002/aqc.1076.
- Douda, Karel; Horký, P.; Bílý, M.; Gompper, Matthew; Johnson, Jerald (2012). "Host limitation of the thick-shelled river mussel: identifying the threats to declining affiliate species". Animal Conservation. 15 (5): 536–544. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00546.x.
- "Unio crassus Philipson, 1788". Fauna Europaea. Fauna Europaea Secretariat, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
- (in Czech) Horsák M., Juřičková L., Beran L., Čejka T. & Dvořák L. (2010). "Komentovaný seznam měkkýšů zjištěných ve volné přírodě České a Slovenské republiky. [Annotated list of mollusc species recorded outdoors in the Czech and Slovak Republics]". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, Suppl. 1: 1-37. PDF.
- Juřičková L., Horsák M. & Beran L., 2001: Check-list of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic. Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem., 65: 25-40.
- Red List of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic http://mollusca.sav.sk/malacology/redlist.htm
- Dušek J., Hošek M. & Kolářová J. (2007) Hodnotící zpráva o stavu z hlediska ochrany evropsky významných druhů a typů přírodních stanovišť v České republice za rok 2004-2006. - Ochrana přírody, 62(5): appendix 5:I-IV. (in Czech language)
- "Threatened and Near Threatened molluscs". 2001. Archived from the original on 2013-05-11.
- "Recherche de sites par espèce: Invertébrés: Unio crassus (Unio crassus)". 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-09-21. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
- Glöer P. & Meier-Brook C. (2003) Süsswassermollusken. DJN, pp. 134, strana 109, ISBN 3-923376-02-2
- MinLNV>Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality - Nature Law - Bataafse stroommossel (Unio crassus). Accessed at the ministries website
- "Anemoon > Flora en Fauna > Soorteninformatie". www.anemoon.org.
- Polish Red Data Book of Animals http://www.iop.krakow.pl/pckz/opis.asp?id=130&je=en
- (in Czech) Měkkýši (Mollusca) České republiky a Slovenska Archived 2012-05-29 at Archive.today
- "Thick shelled river mussel - Naturhistoriska riksmuseet". Archived from the original on 2007-03-13. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
- "Licensinfo - Habitatarter.dk". www.habitatarter.dk.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thick shelled river mussel. |
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.