Ungulate bocaparvovirus 1

Ungulate bocaparvovirus 1, formerly Bovine parvovirus (BPV), also known as Haemadsorbing Enteric Virus, is a member of the parvivirus group, with three significant sub-species: BPV1, 2 and 3. BPV most commonly causes diarrhoea in neonatal calves and respiratory and reproductive disease in adult cattle. The distribution of the virus is worldwide. Transmission is both vertical (transplacental route) and horizontal (oro-faecal route). The virus is very resistant to chemical and physical challenges.

Ungulate bocaparvovirus 1
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Monodnaviria
Kingdom: Shotokuvirae
Phylum: Cossaviricota
Class: Quintoviricetes
Order: Piccovirales
Family: Parvoviridae
Genus: Bocaparvovirus
Species: Ungulate bocaparvovirus 1
Member virus[1]

Bovine parvovirus 1

Synonyms[2]

Bovine parvovirus

Clinical signs and diagnosis

Diarrhoea is often the only clinical sign in neonatal calves. Reproductive infection causes abortion and the birth of weak or stillborn calves. Respiratory signs such as coughing, dyspnoea and nasal discharge also can occur.

The clinical signs of BPV may be made worse by concurrent GI infections.

Immunofluorescence (IF), PCR, haemagglutination, ELISA and electron microscopy can be used to identify and diagnose the virus.

Aborted fetuses are oedematous and have increased pleural and peritoneal fluid. Immunofluorescence (IF) can be used to detect the virus in fetal organs. Post-mortem examination of infected calves should show intestinal lesions.

Treatment and control

Treatment and control is achieved by vaccination of the dams during gestation. Appropriate hygiene and disinfection methods should also be employed.

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See also
  • Parvovirus
  • Parvovirus, canine
  • Parvovirus, feline
  • Parvovirus, porcine

References
  1. "Genus: Bocaparvovirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 9 January 2019.
  2. "ICTV Taxonomy history: Ungulate bocaparvovirus 1". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 9 January 2019.


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