Truman B. Ransom

Truman B. Ransom (September 20, 1802 – September 13, 1847) was a Vermont educator and military officer who served as President of Norwich University and commander of a regiment in the Mexican–American War. He was killed at the Battle of Chapultepec.

Truman B. Ransom
Born	September 20, 1802 (1802-09-20) Woodstock, Vermont, U.S.
Died	September 13, 1847 (1847-09-14) (aged 44) Chapultepec, Mexico
Buried	Fairview Cemetery Norwich, Vermont, U.S.
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	Vermont Militia United States Army
Years of service	1830s–1840s (Vermont Militia) 1847 (Army)
Rank	Colonel (U.S.) Major general (Vermont)
Commands held	3rd Division (Vermont Militia) 9th U.S. Infantry (Army)
Battles/wars	Mexican–American War Battle of Contreras Battle of Churubusco Battle of Molino del Rey Mexico City Campaign Battle of Chapultepec †
Other work	Professor and President, Norwich University

Early life and education

Truman Bishop Ransom was born in Woodstock, Vermont on September 20, 1802. At age 13 he was apprenticed as a chair-maker and painter. At age 16 he began attendance at the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy, now called Norwich University, alternating semesters with work for his employer in Quechee, Vermont to pay his tuition.[1][2]

Career

Ransom graduated in 1825 and began a career as an educator, teaching at several colleges started or overseen by Norwich University founder Alden Partridge, or that operated on his Norwich University model, including Jefferson College in Mississippi. In 1835 Ransom became Vice President of Norwich University and was also appointed Professor of natural philosophy and engineering.[3][4]

Ransom volunteered for the militia in the 1830s, and advanced through the ranks from captain to major general, gaining experience as a drill master and commander of units from company to brigade. In 1836 he received his Master of Arts degree from Norwich. From 1837 to 1844 Ransom served as commander of the Vermont Militia's 3rd Division with the rank of Major General, and he published a manual on tactics for militia that was distributed throughout United States, Military Tactics and Instructions For The Use Of The Volunteers and Militia of the United States. In 1844 Ransom was appointed Norwich University's President, the first to hold the office after Alden Partridge.[5][6][7][8]

In the 1830s and 1840s Ransom was part of a group of individuals interested in reorganizing and revitalizing the state militias, which had become increasingly dormant in the years following the War of 1812. This group, including Franklin Pierce, Alden Partridge, Alonzo Jackman, and Frederic Williams Hopkins, held seminars to discuss tactics, strategy and recruiting, and carry out maneuvers and drills in an effort to improve unit readiness.[9][10][11]

A Democrat, Ransom ran unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives in 1840. He ran again in 1843, losing twice to Jacob Collamer. In 1846 he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor, losing to Leonard Sargeant.[12][13][14]

Mexican–American War

Ransom volunteered to serve in the Mexican War and, on February 16, 1847, was appointed as the Major of the newly formed 9th Infantry Regiment under the command of Colonel Franklin Pierce. He was quickly promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and second in command, and when Pierce was promoted to Brigadier General and took command of a brigade, Ransom was promoted to Colonel on March 16 and given command of the regiment (which was officially organized on April 9).[15][16][17]

The regiment served in the Mexico City campaign and was in the Battle of Contreras, Battle of Churubusco, and Battle of Molino del Rey.[18]

Ransom fell at the head of the regiment on September 13, 1847, shot through the head while storming the works at Chapultepec on the outskirts of Mexico City.[19] He was succeeded by Jones M. Withers as commander of the regiment.[20]

He was remembered by Richard Coulter Drum, a member of the 9th Infantry who participated in the battle and went on to serve as Adjutant General of the United States Army, as "by all odds the most brilliant man under fire I have ever seen."[21] In response to an inquiry years after Ransom's death, Drum expressed his admiration for Ransom by writing "In all my experience in the army, I never knew so complete and perfect a soldier as Colonel Truman B. Ransom."[22]

Death and burial

Ransom was temporarily buried in Mexico City's Protestant cemetery, and later returned to Vermont and interred at Norwich's Fairview Cemetery.[23][24][25][26] His eulogy was spoken by Frederic Williams Hopkins, the Adjutant General of Vermont, who had worked with Ransom to revitalize the militia.[27]

Legacy

Norwich University's Ransom Hall is named for Truman Ransom.[28] Battery Ransom, an artillery fortification that stood on Fort Jackson, Louisiana was also named for him.[29]

Family

Ransom married Margaretta Morrison Greenfield in 1830. They had seven children: Dunbar Richard (1831–1897); Thomas Edwin Greenfield (1834–1864); Mary Rozella (1837–1843); George Richard (1839–1845); Frederick Eugene (1841–1918); Mary Rozella (named for a sister who predeceased her, born and died in 1843); and Catherine Harriet (b. 1846).[30]

Thomas Edward Greenfield Ransom served as a brevet major general in the Union Army during American Civil War and died in service on October 29, 1864. Dunbar Ransom served as a Civil War officer and later became a railroad executive before dying in Texas. Frederick Ransom served as a lieutenant in the 11th Illinois Infantry during the Civil War.[31]

References

1. Henry Swan Dana, History of Woodstock, Vermont, 1889, pages 302 to 305
2. John J. Duffy, Samuel B. Hand, Ralph H. Orth, The Vermont Encyclopedia, 2003, page 244
3. William Arba Ellis, Norwich University, 1819-1911, Volume 2, 1912, pages 25 to 30
4. Lewis Cass Aldrich, Frank R. Holmes, History of Windsor County, Vermont, 1891, page 490
5. Miriam Irene Kimball, Vermont for Young Vermonters, 1908, page 263
6. New Hampshire State Library, Author List of the New Hampshire State library, June 1, 1902, 1904, page 1193
7. David H. Williams, The American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for the Year 1841, 1840, page 181
8. WorldCat.org, Military Tactics and Instructions for the Use of the Volunteers and Militia of the United States, retrieved January 23, 2014
9. Betros, Lance (2004). West Point: Two Centuries and Beyond. Abilene, TX: McWhiney Foundation Press. p. 155. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
10. Ellis, William Arba (1911). Norwich University, 1819-1911; Her History, Her Graduates, Her Roll of Honor, Volume 1. Montpelier, VT: Capital City Press. pp. 87, 99. Retrieved August 30, 2014. norwich university new hampshire militia.
11. Ellis, William Arba (1911). Norwich University, 1819-1911; Her History, Her Graduates, Her Roll of Honor, Volume 2. Montpelier, VT: Capital City Press. pp. 14–16. Retrieved August 30, 2014. franklin pierce norwich university.
12. Walter Hill Crockett, Vermont: The Green Mountain State, Volume 3, page 359
13. Vermont Archives and Records Division, General Election Results, U.S. House of Representatives, 1843-1850, 2006, page 1
14. Vermont Archives and Records Division, General Election Results, U.S. House of Representatives, 1833-1840, 2006, page 8
15. James T. White & Company, The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, Volume 18, 1922, pages 323 to 324
16. John S. D. Eisenhower, So Far From God: The U.S. War With Mexico, 1846-1848, 2000, page 323
17. United States War Department, Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, Volume 1, 1903, page 99
18. New York Times, The New Regiments: The Appointments Completed, March 21, 1855
19. William K. Ackerman, Chicago Historical Society, Early Illinois Railroads: A Paper Read Before the Chicago Historical Society, 1884, page 27
20. Robertson, E. B. (1894). "The Ninth Regiment of Infantry". Journal of the Military Service Institution of the United States. Governor's Island, NY: Military Service Institution. 15: 447.
21. Joseph L. Gavett, North Dakota: Counties, Towns & People, Part 1, 2008, page 207
22. Sheldon, N. D. (March–August 1899). "Norwich University". The New England Magazine, Volume 20. Boston, MA: William F. Kellogg. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
23. Rossiter Johnson, John Howard Brown, The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans, Volume 9, 1904, Ransom-Rantoul
24. Henry Villiers Partridge, A History of Norwich, Vermont, 1905, pages 239 to 242
25. Vermont General Assembly, Acts and Laws Passed by the Legislature of the State of Vermont, 1847, page 38
26. John S. D. Eisenhower, Agent of Destiny: The Life and Times of General Winfield Scott, 1999, page 295
27. Prescott and Wilson (Troy), Eulogy, at Norwich, Vermont February 22, 1848 During the Obsequies of Truman B. Ransom, 1849, title page
28. Norwich University, Campus Housing page, accessed August 31, 2012
29. United States War Department, General Orders and Circulars, 1903, page 30
30. Norwich University, About Truman Bishop Ransom, President of Norwich University, 1845-1847, and Family Archived 2012-07-24 at the Wayback Machine, accessed August 31, 2012
31. Wyllys Cadwell Ransom, Historical Outline of the Ransom Family of America, Volume 2, 1903, page 29

External resources

• Truman Bishop Ransom at Find A Grave
• Collection on the Truman Bishop Ransom Family, 1847-2001 at Norwich University Archives and Special Collections

Academic offices
Preceded by Alden Partridge	President of Norwich University 1844–1847	Succeeded by James Davie Butler
Military offices
Preceded by Franklin Pierce	Commander of the 9th Infantry Regiment March 16, 1847–September 13, 1847	Succeeded by Jones M. Withers