Tristram Coffin (settler)

Tristram Coffin (or Coffyn)[fn 1] (c. 1609 – 2 October 1681) was an immigrant to Massachusetts from England. In 1659 he led a group of investors that bought Nantucket from Thomas Mayhew for thirty pounds and two beaver hats.[2] He became a prominent citizen of the settlement. A great number of his descendants became prominent in North American society, and many were involved in the later history of Nantucket during and after its heyday as a whaling center.[3] Almost all notable Americans with roots in Nantucket are descended from Tristram Coffin, although Benjamin Franklin was an exception.[4]

For the American actor, see Tris Coffin.

Tristram Coffin
1827 medal depicting Tristram Coffin
Born	Tristram Coffyn ca. 1609 Brixton, Devon
Died	2 October 1681 (aged 76) Nantucket
Nationality	English
Occupation	Farmer and magistrate
Known for	Purchase of Nantucket

England, 1605–1642

Tristram Coffin was born to Peter and Joanna (Kember) Coffin and baptized in the parish of Brixton near Plymouth, England, on 11 March 1609/10.[1] He belonged to the landed gentry.[5] He married Dionis Stevens in 1630 and they were to have nine children, the first five born in England. Coffin was a Brixton church warden from 1639 to 1640, and was a constable in 1641.[6]

Charles I inherited the throne of England in 1625 and initiated a long struggle with his parliament, which wanted to abolish bishops from the House of Lords and limit the king's powers. Things came to a head when Charles raised his royal standard at Nottingham in August 1642, and England soon descended into Civil War (1642–1651).[5] Tristram Coffin's brother John received a mortal wound at Plymouth fort, although it is not known exactly when or even which side he was fighting on.[7] Perhaps for reasons associated with these political upheavals, Tristram Coffin decided to leave his estates in England and emigrate to the new world.[8]

Massachusetts, 1642–1659

Tristram Coffin sailed to Boston in 1642 with his wife and children, his two sisters and his mother. For a short time he ran an inn in Salisbury, Massachusetts.[1] He then moved to the new settlement of Pentucket, now Haverhill, Massachusetts. His name appears on a deed dated 15 November 1642 recording the sale of the land for the settlement by the local American Indian people. He is said to have used a plow that he had made himself to cultivate the land.[9] It was here that his last four children were born.[6]

In 1648 he left the farm and moved to Newbury, Massachusetts. Here he operated a ferry across the Merrimack River and he and his wife ran a tavern. In 1653 his wife was "presented" for selling beer above the legal price of two pennies per quart. However, she was acquitted when it was found that her beer was much stronger than the ordinary.[10] Coffin sold the inn and ferry in 1654 or 1655 and moved to Salisbury, Massachusetts, where he signed himself "Tristram Coffyn, Commissioner of Salisbury".[11]

Nantucket, 1659–1681

Tristram Coffin Jr. House, built in Newbury circa 1678

Jethro Coffin House, built in 1686 for Jethro Coffin, Tristam Coffin's grandson, and now the oldest house on Nantucket

Tristram Coffin and other Salisbury investors bought Nantucket island from Thomas Mayhew on 2 July 1659.[12] The purchase price was 30 pounds plus two beaver hats made by his son, also called Tristram. Coffin was the prime mover of the enterprise and was given first choice of land. In 1659 he settled near the western end of the island near Capaum pond.[6] His sons Peter Coffin, Tristram Coffin Junior and James Coffin also received land on the island.[13] Soon after settling, Tristram Coffin purchased the thousand-acre Tuckernuck Island at the western end of Nantucket. On 10 May 1660 the sachems conveyed title to a large part of the island to Coffin and his associates for eighty pounds.[14] He built a corn mill in which he employed many of the local Native Americans, and he employed others on his farm.[15]

In 1671 Coffin and Thomas Macy were selected as spokesmen for the settlers, going to New York in 1671 to meet with Governor Francis Lovelace and secure their claim to Nantucket.[6] As the most wealthy and respected of the settlers, Coffin was appointed chief magistrate of Nantucket on 29 June 1671.[16] After a period where Macy served as Chief magistrate, in 1677 Coffin was again appointed chief magistrate for a term of four years.[17]

Legacy

Tristram Coffin died on 2 October 1681 at the age of 76.[1] During the years before his death, he had bestowed much of his property on his children and grandchildren.[18] He was buried on his property on Nantucket Island.[6] At his death he left seven children, 60 grandchildren and several great-grandchildren. One of his grandchildren calculated that by the year 1728, the number of his descendants was 1582, of whom 1128 were still alive.[19]

Several of his descendants achieved prominence. His daughter Mary Coffin Starbuck became a leader in introducing Quaker practices into Nantucket.[20] A grandson, James Coffin, was the first of the Coffins to enter into the whaling business.[21] A poem by Thomas Worth written in 1763 says six Captains named Coffin were sailing out of Nantucket.[3] Sir Isaac Coffin (1759–1839) served during the American Revolutionary War and the Napoleonic Wars and became an admiral in the British Royal Navy.[22] He founded a school on the island in 1827 to educate descendants of Tristram Coffin – which included almost all the children on the island – with emphasis on nautical skills.[23] Lucretia Coffin Mott (1793–1880) was a Quaker born on Nantucket, who became a prominent abolitionist and women's rights activist. She helped write the Declaration of Sentiments during the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, and will be included on the back of the U.S. $10 bill to be newly designed by 2020.

Some branches of the Coffin family were prominent in New England, grouped among the so-called Boston Brahmins.[24] For example, Elizabeth Coffin, daughter of a wealthy merchant from Nantucket, was mother of the prominent Massachusetts industrialists Henry Coffin Nevins and David Nevins Jr..[25] Charles A. Coffin (1844–1926) born in Somerset, Massachusetts, became co-founder and first President of General Electric corporation.[26] Some retained the family links to Nantucket after the whaling industry had collapsed and many people had left the island. In the eighth generation, Elizabeth Coffin (1850–1930), an artist, educator and Quaker philanthropist, was known for her paintings of Nantucket and for helping revive Sir Isaac Coffin's school with a new emphasis on crafts.[27] Among the ninth generation, Robert P. T. Coffin (1892–1955) was an American poet who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1936 for his book of collected poems called Strange Holiness.

See also

• Coffin (whaling family)
• Coffin (surname)

References

Notes

1. Tristam always spelled his name "Coffyn" but his descendants used "Coffin" as do most sources on his life[1]

Citations

1. Putman 2008.
2. Gardner 1907, p. 1.
3. Coffin 1998, p. 33.
4. Roberts 1986.
5. Coffin 1881, p. 19.
6. Coffin 2009.
7. Coffin 1881, p. 20.
8. Mears 1890, p. 91.
9. Coffin 1881, p. 22–23.
10. Coffin 1881, p. 23–24.
11. Waters 1848, p. 340.
12. Coffin 1881, p. 26.
13. Coffin 1881, p. 30–31.
14. Amory 1886, p. 20.
15. Coffin 1881, p. 32.
16. Coffin 1881, p. 33.
17. Amory 1886, p. 21.
18. Coffin 1881, p. 37–40.
19. Coffin 1881, p. 43.
20. James & James 1974, p. 348.
21. Coffin 1998, p. 16.
22. Amory 1886, p. 52.
23. Egan Maritime Institute.
24. Janssen 2010, p. 12.
25. Cutter 1908, p. 978.
26. Beck 1989, p. 16.
27. Askart.

Sources

• Amory, Thomas Coffin (1886). The life of Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin: baronet, his English and American ancestors. Cupples, Upham and company. p. 20.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• "BIOGRAPHY for Elizabeth Coffin". Askart. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
• Beck, Bill (1989). Light across the prairies: an illustrated history of Northwestern Public Service Company. Northwestern Public Service Co. ISBN 0962363510.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Coffin, Allen (1881). The Coffin family: the life of Tristram Coffyn, of Nantucket, Mass., founder of the family line in America; together with reminiscences and anecdotes of some of his numerous descendants, and some historical information concerning the ancient families named Coffyn. Hussey & Robinson. p. 19.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Coffin, Ross (1998). "My Father's Shoes – Our Coffin Story".CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Coffin, Cindy K. (7 February 2009). "Tristram Coffin, Sr". Find a Grave. Retrieved 28 March 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Cutter, William Richard (1908). Genealogical and Personal Memoirs. Genealogical Publishing Com. ISBN 0806345497.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Egan Maritime Institute. "History". Retrieved 31 March 2012.
• Janssen, Marian (2010). Not at all what one is used to: the life and times of Isabella Gardner. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0826218989.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Gardner, Frank A MD (1907). Thomas Gardner Planter and Some of his Descendants. Salem, MA: Essex Institute. p. 1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• James, Edward T.; James, Janet Wilson (1974). "STARBUCK, Mary Coffyn". Notable American Women 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674627342.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Mears, Anne de Benneville (1890). The old York road: and its early associations of history and biography. 1670–1870. Printed for the author by Harper & Brother.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Putman, Bill (31 December 2008). "THE COFFIN FAMILY England to Nantucket" (PDF). Retrieved 28 March 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Roberts, Gary Boyd (February 1986). "Notable Kin: Nantucket Soup". New England Historic Genealogical Society. Retrieved 1 April 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Starbuck, Alexander (2009). Nantucket Genealogies. Genealogical Publishing Com. ISBN 0806351063.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Waters, Henry Fritz-Gilbert (1848). The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Volume 2. New England Historic Genealogical Society.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)